Abstract
Li-ion battery (LIB) anodes with graded composition have the potential to relax interfacial stress and better accommodate the internal stress buildup within the anode during battery operation. A one-dimensional numerical model was developed, where the balance between two competitive current modes (electrokinetic reaction-limited current and diffusion-limited current) defines the deposit composition. The model indicated that the composition of a binary alloy deposit can be varied with overpotential, by decreasing the relative concentration of the more noble element in the plating bath. Indeed, when Ni-Sn alloy was electrodeposited from a Ni2+:Sn2+=50:1 bath, the fraction of Sn in the deposit decreased, from 0.47 to 0.13, with increasing current density. Under this plating condition, Ni-Sn deposits were prepared with uniform, discretized and gradient changes in the deposition current density. Cyclic voltammetry of these samples demonstrated both reversible and irreversible reactions with Li-ion, offering a promising premise for LIB application.
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The research has been conducted under the financial support from the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Rochester.
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Hoffman, L.R., Breene, C., Diallo, A. et al. Competitive Current Modes for Tunable Ni-Sn Electrodeposition and Their Lithiation/Delithiation Properties. JOM 68, 2646–2652 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-2067-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-2067-y