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L’apport de la neuro-imagerie dans la maladie d’Alzheimer

The role of neuroimaging in Alzheimer’s disease

  • Imagerie / Imaging
  • Published:
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Résumé

Aujourd’hui, le rôle de la neuro-imagerie dans le diagnostic de la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) dépasse le traditionnel rôle de diagnostic d’exclusion d’autres formes de démence comme les démences neurochirurgicales. Les objectifs actuels sont de contribuer au diagnostic précoce de la MA. Le diagnostic précoce inclut la reconnaissance des stades prédémentiels, comme le mild cognitive impairment (MCI), ou des sujets à haut risque de développer la MA. Le diagnostic précoce permettrait également d’instaurer, le plus tôt possible, les thérapeutiques innovantes futures. Dans cet article, nous allons présenter le rôle moderne de la neuro-imagerie dans la MA. L’imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) structurelle peut détecter et suivre l’évolution de l’atrophie temporale médiale qui est un marqueur du processus pathologique. Les techniques IRM et les méthodes d’analyse d’images nouvelles peuvent détecter des anomalies discrètes de la diffusion, la perfusion ou du métabolisme cérébral qui fournissent de nouveaux outils d’évaluation du processus pathologique. De nouveaux ligands sont aussi disponibles pour la caméra à émission de positrons.

Abstract

Today, the role of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) extends beyond its traditional role of excluding other conditions such as neurosurgical lesions. Modern challenges for neuroimaging techniques aim to contribute to the early diagnosis of AD. Early diagnosis includes recognition of pre-demented conditions, such as people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or with high risk of developing AD. In addition, early diagnosis would allow early treatment using currently available therapies or new therapies in the future. In this article, we will present the modern role of neuroimaging in AD. Structural MRI can detect and follow the time course of medial temporal lobe atrophy as a surrogate marker for the pathological process. New MRI techniques and image analysis software can detect subtle brain diffusion, perfusion or metabolic changes thus providing new tools for studying the pathological process. New ligands are also available for studies using tracers and positron emission tomography.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNRS, UPR 640-LENA, laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et d’imagerie cérébrale, hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l’Hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France

    O. Colliot, M. Chupin & D. Dormont

  2. UPMC, université Paris-VI, F-75005, Paris, France

    O. Colliot, M. Chupin, M. Sarazin, M. -O. Habert, D. Dormont & S. Lehéricy

  3. Inserm U610, hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75651, Paris, France

    M. Sarazin & S. Lehéricy

  4. Inserum U678, hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75651, Paris, France

    M. -O. Habert

  5. Service de neuroradiologie, centre de neuro-imagerie de recherche, CENIR, hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l’Hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France

    D. Dormont & S. Lehéricy

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  1. O. Colliot
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  2. M. Chupin
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  3. M. Sarazin
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  4. M. -O. Habert
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  5. D. Dormont
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  6. S. Lehéricy
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Correspondence to O. Colliot.

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Colliot, O., Chupin, M., Sarazin, M. et al. L’apport de la neuro-imagerie dans la maladie d’Alzheimer. Psychiatr Sci Hum Neurosci 6, 68–75 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11836-008-0058-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11836-008-0058-y

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