Abstract
Many plants have red/purple young leaves, and it has been proposed that the red/purple colouration reduces herbivory. Possible mechanisms underlying herbivory avoidance by red/purple young leaves were investigated using a generalist grasshopper Atractomorpha lata. To determine whether red/purple leaves reduce herbivory by the grasshopper, choice tests between purple and green perilla leaves were conducted under three light conditions, namely, exposure to white light, blue light, and darkness. Only under white light, A. lata ate more green leaves than purple leaves. Therefore, purple colouration of leaves is effective in preventing herbivory by A. lata. Young leaves of Annou-imo, a variety of sweet potato, are reddish brown or purple, and the colour changes to green when the leaves mature. The purple leaves contain a higher concentration of phenolics and latex than do the green leaves, and A. lata nymphs fed on the purple young leaves of Annou-imo exhibited worse growth than those fed the green mature leaves. Therefore, the red/purple colouration of young leaves is likely a warning signal to herbivores. When green herbivorous insects are positioned on red/purple leaves, they are conspicuous to enemies. Herbivores may have evolved to actively avoid red/purple leaves to maintain colour matching between their body and the background. I investigated whether A. lata exhibited a colour preference for substrates other than leaves, but they did not select a background that matched their body colour.
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The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Zenodo at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4769282.
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Acknowledgements
I thank T. Okada, M. Hirano, N. Gohara, T. Horita and M. Sonokawa for assistance with the experiments. I am grateful to Dr S. Lev-Yadun and two reviewers for critical reading of an earlier version of the manuscript.
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This study was supported by a research grant from the President of Kurume Institute of Technology (2017–2018).
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Ide, JY. Why do red/purple young leaves suffer less insect herbivory: tests of the warning signal hypothesis and the undermining of insect camouflage hypothesis. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 16, 567–581 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-022-09924-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-022-09924-x