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Moderne Mitral- und Trikuspidalklappenchirurgie

Modern mitral and tricuspid valve surgery

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Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die Mitralklappeninsuffizienz (MI) ist das zweithäufigste erworbene Vitium nach der kalzifizierenden Aortenklappenstenose und heute am häufigsten degenerativer Genese. Neben der mittel- bis hochgradigen symptomatischen MI, die eine klare Operationsindikation darstellt, setzt sich zunehmend die Einschätzung durch, dass auch beim asymptomatischen Patienten frühzeitig operiert werden sollte, bevor es zu Zeichen einer linksventrikulären Dysfunktion kommt. Angesichts geringerer perioperativer Komplikationsraten und überlegener Langzeitergebnisse im Vergleich zum prothetischen Klappenersatz ist die Rekonstruktion der nativen Mitralklappe (MKR) das Verfahren der Wahl. In der jüngeren Vergangenheit konnten minimalinvasive Eingriffe etabliert werden, die exzellente Ergebnisse erbringen und hinsichtlich Komplikationsraten oder stationärer Aufenthaltsdauer den Standardeingriff noch unterbieten. An Zentren, die über eine entsprechende chirurgische Expertise verfügen, kann die Mortalität nach isolierter MKR bei 0% liegen, die Lebenserwartung erreicht nach erfolgreichem Eingriff wieder die einer altersentsprechenden Vergleichspopulation. Aufgabe für die Zukunft bleibt, den Anteil der Rekonstruktionen in der Mitralklappenchirurgie weiter zu erhöhen und noch weniger invasive Eingriffe wie totalendoskopische, roboterassistierte Verfahren zu etablieren.

Bezüglich der Trikuspidalklappenchirurgie ist zusammenfassend zu sagen, dass eine begleitende, funktionelle Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz (TI) in ihrer klinischen Bedeutung häufig unterschätzt wird. In aller Regel ist dieses Vitium problemlos mitzuversorgen, wobei eine Rekonstruktion der Klappe mittels Implantation spezieller Ringe die besten Ergebnisse erbringt.

Abstract

Myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve is the most common cause of mitral regurgitation (MR) in the western world today. Moderate to severe MR in a symptomatic patient is a clear indication for surgical treatment but there is growing evidence that even asymptomatic patients with relevant MR should have an operation before left ventricular function inevitably begins to deteriorate. Mitral valve repair (MVR) yields superior results concerning peri-operative complications and in the long-term follow-up when compared to prosthetic valve replacement and should therefore be the preferred surgical option. In recent years minimally invasive techniques for MVR have been established with results that are even superior to the conventional approach. With surgical expertise provided, mortality after isolated MVR can be as low as 0%, life expectancy after successful MVR parallels that of an age-matched population. The aim for the future must be to further promote reconstruction instead of replacement of the mitral valve and to develop even less invasive techniques like totally endoscopic robotic-assisted surgery.

Functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is common, especially in patients who need left-sided surgery. Concomitant tricuspid valve repair is easily feasible in most cases and as its clinical relevance is often underestimated annuloplasty should be performed under particularly liberal indication.

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Correspondence to H. Reichenspurner PhD.

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Conradi, L., Treede, H. & Reichenspurner, H. Moderne Mitral- und Trikuspidalklappenchirurgie. Clin Res Cardiol Suppl 3, 41–47 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11789-008-0037-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11789-008-0037-9

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