Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to describe how stochastic analysis is applied to infinite-dimensional degree theory for measurable maps of Banach spaces and Fredholm maps between Banach manifolds. It is based on work of Getzler, Kusuoka, and Üstünel & Zakai.
Topics include the following: measure-theoretic versions of Sard’s theorem and inequality, pull-backs of measures by Fredholm maps, integral formulae for the degree, infinite-dimensional area formulae, generalised McKean-Singer formulae for Euler characteristics, and generalised Rice formulae. Introductory material on Gaussian measures and stochastic analysis is included.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Azaïs J.-M., Wschebor M.: On the roots of a random system of equations. The theorem of Shub and Smale and some extensions. Found. Comput. Math. 5, 125–144 (2005)
Azaïs J.-M., Wschebor M.: Level Sets and Extrema of Random Processes and Fields. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ (2009)
Baudoin F.: Brownian Chen series and Atiyah–Singer theorem. J. Funct. Anal. 254, 301–317 (2008)
Baxendale P.: Brownian motions in the diffeomorphism group. I. Compos. Math. 53, 19–50 (1984)
Benevieri P., Furi M.: On the concept of orientability for Fredholm maps between real Banach manifolds. Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal. 16, 279–306 (2000)
J.-M. Bismut and G. Lebeau, The Hypoelliptic Laplacian and Ray–Singer Metrics. Ann. of Math. Stud. 167, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 2008.
V. I. Bogachev, Gaussian Measures. Math. Surveys Monogr. 62, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1998.
V. I. Bogachev, Measure Theory. Vol. I and II, Springer, Berlin, 2007.
R. Bott and L. W. Tu, Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology. Grad. Texts in Math. 82, Springer, New York, 1982.
R. Buckdahn and E. Pardoux, Monotonicity methods for white noise driven quasi-linear SPDEs. In: Diffusion Processes and Related Problems in Analysis, Vol. I (Evanston, IL 1989), Progr. Probab. 22, Birkhauser, 1990, 219–233.
C. Castaing and M. Valadier, Convex Analysis and Measurable Multifunctions. Lecture Notes in Math. 580, Springer, Berlin, 1977.
H. L. Cycon, R. G. Froese, W. Kirsch, and B. Simon, Schrödinger Operators with Application to Quantum Mechanics and Global Geometry. Texts and Monogr. in Phys., Springer, Berlin, 1987.
R. Dowell, Differentiable approximation to Brownian motion on manifolds. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Warwick, Coventry, 1980.
Ebin D.G., Marsden J.: Groups of diffeomorphisms and the motion of an incompressible fluid. Ann. of Math. 92, 102–163 (1970)
Eells J., Elworthy K.D.: Open embeddings of certain Banach manifolds. Ann. of Math. 91, 465–485 (1970)
J. Eells and K. D. Elworthy, Wiener integration on certain manifolds. In: Problems in Non-linear Analysis (Varenna, 1970), Cremonese, Roma, 1971, 67–94.
K. D. Elworthy, Gaussian measures on Banach spaces and manifolds. In: Global Analysis and its Applications (Trieste, 1972), Vol. II, Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Wien, 1974, 151–166.
K. D. Elworthy, Differential invariants of measures on Banach spaces. In: Vector Space Measures and Applications (Dublin, 1977), Lecture Notes in Math. 644, Springer, 1978, 159–187.
K. D. Elworthy, Stochastic Differential Equations on Manifolds. LMS Lecture Note Ser. 70, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1982.
K. D. Elworthy, Stochastic flows on Riemannian manifolds. In: Diffusion Processes and Related Problems in Analysis, Vol. II (Charlotte, NC, 1990), Progr. Probab. 27, Birkhäuser Boston, Boston, MA, 1992, 37–72.
K. D. Elworthy, Y. Le Jan, and X.-M. Li, On the Geometry of Diffusion Operators and Stochastic Flows, Lecture Notes in Math. 1720, Springer, Berlin, 1999.
K. D. Elworthy and A. J. Tromba, Differential structures and Fredholm maps on Banach manifolds. In: Global Analysis, Proc. Sympos. Pure Math. 15, Amer. Math. Soc., 1970, 45–94.
Getzler E.: Degree theory for Wiener maps. J. Funct. Anal. 68, 388–403 (1986)
Getzler E.: The degree of the Nicolai map in supersymmetric quantum mechanics. J. Funct. Anal. 74, 121–138 (1987)
A. Granas and J. Dugundji, Fixed Point Theory. Springer Monogr. Math., Springer, New York, 2003.
Gross L.: Potential theory on Hilbert space. J. Funct. Anal. 1, 123–181 (1967)
L. Gross, Abstract Wiener measure and infinite-dimensional potential theory. In: Lectures in Modern Analysis and Applications, II, Lecture Notes in Math. 140, Springer, Berlin, 1970, 84–116.
Kokarev G., Kuksin S.: Quasi-linear elliptic differential equations for mappings of manifolds. II. Ann. Global Anal. Geom. 31, 59–113 (2007)
N. H. Kuiper, The differential topology of separable Banach manifolds. In: Actes Congr. Int. Math. (Nice, 1970), Tome 2, Gauthier-Villars, 1971, 85–90.
Kuo H.-H.: Integration theory on infinite-dimensional manifolds. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 159, 57–78 (1971)
H.-H. Kuo, Gaussian Measures in Banach Spaces. Lecture Notes in Math. 463. Springer, Berlin, 1975.
H.-H. Kuo, Uhlenbeck-Ornstein process on a Riemann–Wiener manifold. In: Proc. Int. Sympos. on Stochastic Differential Equations (Kyoto, 1976), Wiley, New York, 1978, 187–193.
R. Kupferman, G. A. Pavliotis, and A. M. Stuart, Itô versus Stratonovich whitenoise limits for systems with inertia and colored multiplicative noise. Phys. Rev. E (3) 70 (2004), no. 3, 036120, 9 pp.
S. Kusuoka, The nonlinear transformation of Gaussian measure on Banach space and its absolute continuity. I. J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo Sect. I A 29 (1982), 567–597.
S. Kusuoka, Degree theorem in certain Wiener Riemannian manifolds. In: Stochastic Analysis (Paris, 1987), Lecture Notes in Math. 1322, Springer, 1988, 93–108.
S. Kusuoka, Some remarks on Getzler’s degree theorem. In: Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics, (Kyoto, 1986), Lecture Notes in Math. 1299, Springer, 1988, 239–249.
S. Kusuoka, On the foundations of Wiener–Riemannian manifolds. In: Stochastic Analysis, Path Integration and Dynamics (Warwick, 1987), Pitman Res. Notes Math. Ser. 200, Longman, 1989, 130–164.
Kusuoka S.: Analysis on Wiener spaces. I. Nonlinear maps. J. Funct. Anal. 98, 122–168 (1991)
Kusuoka S.: Analysis on Wiener spaces. II. Differential forms. J. Funct. Anal. 103, 229–274 (1992)
Lang S.: Introduction to Differentiable Manifolds 2nd ed., Springer, New York (2002)
L. H. Loomis and S. Sternberg, Advanced Calculus. Rev. ed., Jones and Bartlett, Boston, MA, 1990.
H. P. McKean, Jr. and I. M. Singer, Curvature and the eigenvalues of the Laplacian. J. Differential Geom. 1 (1967), 43–69.
N. Moulis, Structures de Fredholm sur les variétés hilbertiennes. Lecture Notes in Math. 259, Springer, Berlin, 1972.
Nualart D.: The Malliavin Calculus and Related Topics 2nd ed., Springer, Berlin (2006)
Pejsachowicz J.: Orientation of Fredholm maps. J. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2, 97–116 (2007)
M. A. Piech, The exterior algebra for Wiemann manifolds. J. Funct. Anal. 28 (1978), 279–308.
F. Quinn, Transversal approximation on Banach manifolds. In: Global Analysis, Proc. Sympos. Pure Math. 15, Amer. Math. Soc., 1970, 213–222.
R. Ramer, Integration on infinite-dimensional manifolds. Ph.D Thesis, Univ. of Amsterdam, 1974.
Ramer R.: On nonlinear transformations of Gaussian measures. J. Funct. Anal. 15, 166–187 (1974)
Schwartz J.T.: Nonlinear Functional Analysis. Gordon and Breach, New York (1969)
L. Schwartz, Radon Measures on Arbitrary Topological Spaces and Cylindrical Measures. Tata Inst. Fund. Res. Stud. Math. 6, Oxford Univ. Press, 1973.
B. Simon, Trace Ideals and their Applications. 2nd ed., Math. Surveys Monogr. 120, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2005.
Smale S.: An infinite-dimensional version of Sard’s theorem. Amer. J. Math. 87, 861–866 (1965)
Tromba A.J.: theory on oriented infinite-dimensional varieties and the Morse number of minimal surfaces spanning a curve in R n. I. n ≥ 4. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 290, 385–413 (1985)
Üstünel A.S., Zakai M.: Degree theory on Wiener space. Probab. Theory Related Fields 108, 259–279 (1997)
Üstünel A.S., Zakai M.: The Sard inequality on Wiener space. J. Funct. Anal. 149, 226–244 (1997)
A. S. Üstünel and M. Zakai. Transformation of Measure on Wiener Space. Springer Monogr. Math., Springer, Berlin, 2000.
Wang S.: On orientability and degree of Fredholm maps. Michigan Math. J. 53, 419–428 (2005)
Weitsman J.: Measures on Banach manifolds and supersymmetric quantum field theory. Comm. Math. Phys. 277, 101–125 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Dedicated to Steve Smale on his 80th birthday, with thanks for inspiration and encouragement
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Al-Hussein, A., Elworthy, K.D. Infinite-dimensional degree theory and stochastic analysis. J. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 7, 33–65 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11784-010-0009-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11784-010-0009-9