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Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörungen – Risiko für Delinquenz im Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – Risk of delinquency in adolescence and adulthood?

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Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) ist mit einer Prävalenz von etwa 5 % eine häufige, früh beginnende und persistierende Entwicklungsstörung. Die Ätiologie der ADHS ist komplex, heterogen, mit hohem genetischen Einfluss und vielfältigen neurobiologischen Alterationen. In mindestens 75 % der Fälle treten im Störungsverlauf weitere komorbide Störungen auf. Dieser Umstand erschwert die Diagnostik, verkompliziert die Therapie und verschlechtert die Prognose. Eine ADHS im Kindesalter erhöht das Risiko für delinquentes und auch antisoziales Verhalten im Jugend- oder frühen Erwachsenenalter, wobei die ADHS dabei als potenzieller Risikofaktor in einem komplexen, multifaktoriellen Zusammenspiel verstanden werden muss. Die Therapie der ADHS basierend auf Psychoedukation und der individuellen Kombination von Verhaltenstherapie sowie Psychopharmakotherapie beeinflusst den weiteren Verlauf der Kernsymptomatik und assoziierter psychiatrischer Störungen günstig, wobei insbesondere durch die medikamentöse Behandlung der ADHS eine bedeutsame Reduktion des Risikos für delinquentes Verhaltens erzielt werden kann.

Abstract

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with childhood onset and a prevalence rate of 5%. The ADHD has a complex, heterogeneous etiology with a high genetic component and numerous neurobiological alterations. Furthermore, up to 75% of ADHD patients develop comorbid disorders, which make the diagnosis as well as the therapy difficult and worsens the prognosis of the course of the disorder. In a complex multifactorial interplay childhood ADHD is one potential risk factor for delinquent and antisocial behavior in adolescence and early adulthood. Pharmacotherapy of ADHD can significantly reduce this risk for delinquent behavior but is just one aspect in the therapy of ADHD, which is based on psychoeducation and an individual combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and medication for the treatment of the core symptoms of ADHD and associated psychiatric disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland

    Mirjam Just, Anna Kaiser, Tobias Banaschewski, Sarah Hohmann & Sabina Millenet

  2. Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland

    Wolfgang Retz

  3. Institut für gerichtliche Psychologie und Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlands, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland

    Michael Rösler

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  1. Mirjam Just
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  2. Anna Kaiser
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  3. Wolfgang Retz
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  4. Michael Rösler
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  5. Tobias Banaschewski
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Correspondence to Sabina Millenet.

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Die Autoren M. Just, A. Kaiser, S. Hohmann und S. Millenet trugen in gleichem Umfang bei.

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Just, M., Kaiser, A., Retz, W. et al. Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörungen – Risiko für Delinquenz im Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter?. Forens Psychiatr Psychol Kriminol 11, 96–102 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-017-0422-7

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