

References
Papi A, Rabe KF, Rigau D et al (2017) Management of COPD exacerbations: a European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guideline. Eur Respir J 49:1600791
Margutti E, Greco I, Brambilla AM, Maraffi T, Cosentini R (2017) Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure: the key “W” questions. Intern Emerg Med 12:1307–1311
Rochwerg B, Brochard L, Elliott MW et al (2017) Official ERS/ATS clinical practice guidelines: noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J 50:1602426
Mas A (2014) Masip J Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 9:837–852
Dwarakanath A, Elliott MW (2013) Noninvasive ventilation in the management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Breathe 9:338–348
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Statement of human and animal rights
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Informed consent
For this type of study formal consent is not required.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Duca, A., Rosti, V., Brambilla, A.M. et al. Non-invasive ventilation in COPD exacerbation: how and why. Intern Emerg Med 14, 139–142 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-018-1974-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-018-1974-z