Abstract
Water deficit has a profound influence on reduction in chili fruit production. Gamma radiation induced mutation plant thus seeds of Tavee 60 chili were subjected by gamma ray at 200 Gy to improve drought-tolerant chilies. Drought-tolerant screening was carried out at M2–M4. Here, two drought-tolerant chilies, namely CaWDT-1 and CaWDT-2, were selected among different gamma-radiated lines. To determine their physiological responses under water deficit and genetic variation compared to Tavee 60, an original cultivar. Seven-week-old plants were water-withheld for 8 days and their physiological parameters were measured at 0, 4, and 8 days after water deficit. Their molecular characteristics were determined based on 20 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers. Results showed that dehydration for 8 days slightly diminished relative water content (RWC) of CaWDT-1, while photosynthetic rate also reduced but maintained yield in spite of withholding water. Drought did not affect leaf area of all genotypes but inhibited stem size. CaWDT-2 had larger leaves and its stems were trivially suppressed under drought, with accumulation of proline at low RWC. CaWDT-2 showed vigor, achieving high fruit yields although shrunken during drought. ISSR data separated CaWDT-1 from CaWDT-2 at Jaccard’s similarity coefficient 0.84, confirming different phenotypes with diverse mechanisms for drought tolerance. CaWDT-1 conserved water within the plant and had high efficiency of photosynthesis under drought stress, while CaWDT-2 reserved energy source before and during water shortage as advantageous for yield production. CaWDT-1 and CaWDT-2 showed potential as chili genotypes for cultivation in drought-prone areas.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Assoc. Prof. Srisom Suwanwong for valuable discussions and Dr. Weerasin Sonjaroon for experimental guidelines. This study was supported by the Biodiversity-Based Economy Development Office (Public Organization) and a Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand (SAST).
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Matmarurat, G., Chutinanthakun, K., Juntawong, P. et al. Two distinct mechanisms of water and energy conservation confer drought tolerance in chili mutants. Acta Physiol Plant 44, 7 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03346-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03346-7