Abstract
The seaweed Kappaphycus striatus is a well-known source of carrageenan and other valuable bioactive compounds. To improve the efficiency of propagation of this important natural resource, we studied the aseptic efficiency of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the explant sterilization process. We further evaluated the effects of culture media, plant growth regulators (PGRs), light intensity, and rotary shaking on callus induction and proliferation, somatic embryogenesis, and micropropagules regeneration of the red algae K. striatus. The treatment with AgNPs at a concentration of 500 ppm optimally resulted in the absence of contaminations. A high explant survival rate (80.0%) and callus induction rate (54.4%) were obtained. Healthy calli were transferred separately into MS (Murashige and Skoog), PES (Provasoli’s enriched seawater), and MPI media for callus proliferation. The results indicated that the PES medium was suitable for callus induction with higher yields of fresh and dry biomass (112.00 mg and 11.50 mg, respectively) compared with the MPI medium (79 mg fresh and 6.73 mg dry weight). Calli cultured using the MS medium failed to grow. The optimal condition for callus proliferation was the PES medium supplemented with 1.0 mg⋅L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg⋅L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Somatic embryo (SE) induction was best obtained when cultured calli were transferred onto PES semi-solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg⋅L−1 NAA and 2.0 mg⋅L−1 BAP. To promote plantlet development, SE clumps were placed in PES liquid medium on a rotary shaker at 100 rpm for separating individual embryos. These embryos were collected and allowed to develop under cool white fluorescent tubes at a light intensity of 55 µmol⋅m−2⋅s−1. The regenerated plantlets had a 50% survival rate, light brown in colour and multibranched. The plantlets reached a length of 2 cm after 2 months of culture.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdi G, Salehi H, Khosh-Khui M (2008) Nano silver: a novel nanomaterial for removal of bacterial contaminants in valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) tissue culture. Acta Physiol Plant 30:709–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-008-0169-z
Ali MM, Sani MZB, Hi KK et al (2018) The comparative efficiency of a brown algal-derived biostimulant extract (AMPEP), with and without supplemented PGRs: the induction of direct, axis shoots as applied to the propagation of vegetative seedlings for the successful mass cultivation of three commercial strains of Kappaphycus in Sabah, Malaysia. J Appl Phycol 30:1913–1919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1366-1
Baweja P, Sahoo D (2009) Regeneration studies in Grateloupia filicina (J.V. Lamouroux) C. Agardh. An important carrageenophyte and edible seaweed. Algae 24:163–168. https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2009.24.3.163
Baweja P, Sahoo D, García-Jiménez P, Robaina RR (2009) Review: seaweed tissue culture as applied to biotechnology: problems, achievements and prospects. Phycol Res 57:45–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2008.00520.x
Cheney DP, Luistro AH, Bradley PM (1987) Carrageenan analysis of tissue cultures and whole plants of Agardhiella subulata. Hydrobiologia 151(152):161–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4057-4_22
Collantes G, Melo C, Candia A (2004) Micropropagation by explants of Gracilaria chilensis Bird, McLachlan and Oliveira. J Appl Phycol 16:203–213. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JAPH.0000048506.58928.4d
Dawes CJ (1992) Irradiance acclimation of the cultured Philippine seaweeds, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum. Bot Mar 35:189–195. https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1992.35.3.189
Dawes CJ, Koch EW (1991) Branch, micropropagule and tissue culture of the red algae Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus alvarezii farmed in the Philippines. J Appl Phycol 3:247–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00003583
Demling RH, De Santi L (2001) The role of silver in wound healing. Part 1: Effects of silver on wound management. Wounds 13:4–15
Ducan DB (1955) Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics 11:1–42
Ehsanpour AA, Nejati Z (2013) Effect of nanosilver on potato plant growth and protoplast viability. Biol Lett 50:35–43. https://doi.org/10.2478/biolet-2013-0004
George EF (1993) Plant propagation by tissue culture, part 1, the technology, 2nd edn. Exegetics Ltd, England, p 573
Hayashi L, Yokoya NS, Kikuchi DM, Oliveira EC (2008) Callus induction and micropropagation improved by colchicine and phytoregulators in Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae). J Appl Phycol 20:653–659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-007-9234-z
Hong DD, Hien HM, Thu NTH et al (2010) Establish cultivation by mixing crops of different strains of Eucheuma and Kappaphycus species. J Mar Biosci Biotechnol 4:24–30
Huang YRG (2003) Cultivation of microplantlets derived from the marine red alga Agardhiella subulata in a stirred tank photobioreactor. Biotechnol Prog 19:418–427. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp020123i
Huang W, Fujita Y (1997) Callus induction and thallus regeneration of the red alga Meristotheca papulosa (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales). Bot Mar 40:55–61. https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1997.40.1-6.55
Hung LD, Trung DT (2018) Cloning cDNA sequence coding the KSA-1 lectin from red alga Kappaphycus striatum cultivated in Vietnam. Vietnam J Biotechnol 14:689–697. https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/14/4/12302
Kumar GR, Reddy CRK, Jha B (2007) Callus induction and thallus regeneration from callus of phycocolloid yielding seaweeds from the Indian coast. J Appl Phycol 19:15–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-006-9104-0
Lansdown ABG (2006) Silver in health care: antimicrobial effects and safety in use. Curr Probl Dermatol 33:17–34. https://doi.org/10.1159/000093928
Liao IC, Su HM, Lin JH (1983) Larval foods for penaeid prawn. In: Mc Vey JP (ed) CRC Handbook of mariculture, vol 1. Crustacean aquaculture. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, US, pp 29–60
Luhan MRJ, Mateo JP (2017) Clonal production of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty in vitro. J Appl Phycol 29:2339–2344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1105-7
Muñoz J, Cahue-López AC, Patiño R, Robledo D (2006) Use of plant growth regulators in micropropagation of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) in airlift bioreactors. J Appl Phycol 18:209–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-006-9105-z
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
Nasser M, Sepideh ZVSK (2013) Plant in vitro culture goes nano: nanosilver-mediated decontamination of ex vitro explants. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 4:161–164. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000161
Navarro EAB, Behra R, Hartman NB et al (2008) Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of engineered nano particles to algae, plants, and fungi. Ecotoxicology 17:372–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0214-0
Paula EJ, Erbert CPR (2001) Growth rate of the carrageenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) in vitro. Phycol Res 49:155–161. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1835.2001.00235.x
Pinto IS, Murano E, Coelho S, Felga APR (1999) The effect of light on growth and agar content of Gelidium pulchellum (Gelidiaceae, Rhodophyta) in culture. Hydrobiologia 398(399):329–338. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017002516473
Provasoli L (1968) Media and prospects for the cultivation of marine algae. In: Watanabe H, Hattori A (eds) Culture and collection of algae. Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists, Tokyo, pp 63–75
Raikar SV, Iima MFY (2001) Effect of temperature, salinity and light intensity on the growth of Gracilaria spp. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Japan, Malaysia and India. Indian J Mar Sci 30:98–104. https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2011-0074
Reddy CRK, Raja Krishna Kumar G, Siddhanta AK, Tewari A (2003) In vitro somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of somatic embryos from pigmented callus of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales). J Phycol 39:610–616. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.02092.x
Saga (1986) Pure culture of algae. In: Yamada Y, Okada Y (eds) Plant biotechnology. Tokyo Kaymkes Dojin, Tokyo, pp 55–69
Salvador RC, Serrano AEJ (2014) Germination and growth of somatic cells of Philippine strains of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta). Extreme Life Bipspeol Astrobiol 6:36–45
Santos (1989) Carrageenans of species of Eucheuma J. Agardh and Kappaphycus Doty (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta). Aquat Bot 36:55–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(89)90091-0
She WJ, Zhang FQ (2003) Comparison of the antibacterial activity on oral pathogens among six types of nano-silver base inorganic antibacterial agentsitle. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 12:356–358
Shokri S, Babaei A, Ahmadian M et al (2015) The effects of different concentrations of nano-silver on elimination of bacterial contaminations and phenolic exudation of rose (Rosa hybrida L.) in vitro culture. Acta Hortic 3:50–54. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1083.49
Sulistiani E, Soelistyowati DT, Alimuddin YSA (2012) Callus induction and filaments regeneration from callus of cottonii seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) collected from natuna islands, riau islands province. Biotropia 19:103–114
Suto S (1959) Skeletonema no tame no jinkou baiyoueki. Suisan Zoushoku 7:17–19 (in Japanese)
Tibubos CKR, Hurtado AQ, Alan TC (2017) Direct formation of axes in new plantlets of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty, as influenced by the use of AMPEP K+, spindle inhibitors, and plant growth hormones. J Appl Phycol 29:2345–2349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0988-z
Wang B, Lan CQHM (2012) Closed photobioreactors for production of microalgal biomasses. Biotechnol Adv 30:904–912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.019
Yeong HY, Phang SM, Reddy CRK, Khalid N (2014) Production of clonal planting materials from Gracilaria changii and Kappaphycus alvarezii through tissue culture and culture of G. changii explants in airlift photobioreactors. J Appl Phycol 26:729–746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-0122-4
Yokoya NS, Handro W (2002) Effects of plant growth regulators and culture medium on morphogenesis of Solieria filiformis (Rhodophyta) cultured in vitro. J Appl Phycol 14:97–102. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019529306419
Yokoya NS, West JA, Luchi AE (2004) Effects of plant growth regulators on callus formation, growth and regeneration in axenic tissue cultures of Gracilaria tenuistipitata and Gracilaria perplexa (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Phycol Res 52:244–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-183.2004.00349.x
Yong WTL, Ting SH, Chin WL et al (2011) In vitro micropropagation of Eucheuma seaweeds. Int Conf Biotechnol Food Sci 7:58–60. https://doi.org/10.1021/np0300961
Yong WTL, Chin JYY, Thien VY, Yasir S (2014a) Evaluation of growth rate and semi-refined carrageenan properties of tissue-cultured Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales). Phycol Res 62:316–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12067
Yong WTL, Ting SH, Yong YS et al (2014b) Optimization of culture conditions for the direct regeneration of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae). J Appl Phycol 26:1597–1606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-0191-4
Yong YS, Yong WTL, Ng SE et al (2015a) Chemical composition of farmed and micropropagated Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales), a commercially important seaweed in Malaysia. J Appl Phycol 27:1271–1275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0398-z
Yong YS, Yong WTL, Thien VY et al (2015b) Acclimatization of micropropagated Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae) in outdoor nursery system. J Appl Phycol 27:413–419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0289-3
Yong WTL, Chin JYY, Thien VY, Yasir S (2017) Heavy metal accumulation in field cultured and tissue cultured Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria changii. Int Food Res J 24:970–975
Zitta CS, Rover T, Hayashi L, Bouzon ZL (2013) Callus ontogeny of the Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) brown tetrasporophyte strain. J Appl Phycol 25:615–629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-012-9896-z
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Professor Edward Yeung (University of Calgary, Canada) for critical reading of the manuscript. The research was funded by the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), under the project “Study on plantlets producing process of Kappaphycus striatus (Schmitz) Doty by tissue culture” (No: VAST. ĐLT, 09/17–18).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by P. Wojtaszek.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mo, V.T., Cuong, L.K., Tung, H.T. et al. Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from the seaweed Kappaphycus striatus. Acta Physiol Plant 42, 104 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-020-03102-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-020-03102-3