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Levels of constitutive flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivars with differential response to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi

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Abstract

We have assessed the constitutive total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant activity levels in the stems and roots of nine commercial cultivars of carnation grown in Colombia showing differential response to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi. In stems, these parameters were not correlated with resistance, but in roots, resistant cultivars exhibited higher levels of flavonoids and antioxidant activity than those found in susceptible cultivars. The activities of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds were evaluated in the root level. Differences in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme (PAL) activity were not correlated with resistance, but the activities of chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) were higher in the roots of disease-resistant cultivars. Likewise, the transcript levels of CHS and CHI were significantly higher in resistant cultivars, as evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. These results suggested that the constitutive levels of flavonoids in the root level are most likely associated with resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi. Such differences may be attributed to increased expression of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway, specifically CHS and CHI, which are the enzymes that have been previously associated with the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in other species.

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Abbreviations

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonium lyase

CHS:

Chalcone synthase

CHI:

Chalcone isomerase

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

Fod:

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi

CoA:

Coenzyme A

ABTS:

2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

Trolox:

6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalent

CE:

Catequin equivalent

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

PVPP:

Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Campus Bogotá) and Colciencias (Project 1101-452-21230) for their financial support. Grupo Chia and S.B talee companies (Colombia) by the vegetal material supplied. We thank Dr. Jesús Jorrin Novo (Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Universidad de Cordoba, España) for helpful comments and suggestions.

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  1. Laboratory Research in Vegetal Metabolic Activities, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá campus), Cra. 30 No. 45-03, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia

    Harold Duban Ardila, Sixta Tulia Martínez & Blanca Ligia Higuera

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  1. Harold Duban Ardila
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  2. Sixta Tulia Martínez
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  3. Blanca Ligia Higuera
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Correspondence to Harold Duban Ardila.

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Communicated by M. H. Walter.

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Ardila, H.D., Martínez, S.T. & Higuera, B.L. Levels of constitutive flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivars with differential response to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi . Acta Physiol Plant 35, 1233–1245 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-1162-0

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