Abstract
A surge in biodiesel production has recently resulted in a surplus of crude glycerol, which has harmed the process' economy. Glycerol etherification with tert-butyl alcohol in the presence of acid catalysts for the generation of ethers (monoethers, diethers, and triethers) is highly recommended by many scientists. Series of phosphotungstic acid (10–60 wt%) supported bentonite (DTP/BNT) catalysts were prepared and evaluated their performances for etherification of glycerol with t-Butanol. The properties of prepared catalysts were investigated using XRD, (FTIR) flourier transform- infrared spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, TGA/DTA, and mercury porosimeter techniques. The study reveals that increasing reaction time for maximum production of di- and tri-glycerol ethers. Catalytic activity varies with different HPA loadings. The complete conversion of glycerol was obtained, and the selectivity of di- and tri- glycerol ethers was highest (26%) at 110 °C using 40% DTP/BNT catalysts. It is observed that the increase in DTP from 10 to 40% favours an increase in glycerol conversion from 11.52 to 100% with the selectivity of di- and tri-ethers to 26%.
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Subhash, M., Pal, D.B. & Jana, S.K. Biofuels additives derived via clay supported heteropoly acid catalyzed etherification of glycerol with t-butanol-biomass to liquid oxygenates. Chem. Pap. 76, 775–784 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01896-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01896-1