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Toward the assembly of a minimal divisome

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Systems and Synthetic Biology

Abstract

The construction of an irreducible minimal cell having all essential attributes of a living system is one of the biggest challenges facing synthetic biology. One ubiquitous task accomplished by any living systems is the division of the cell envelope. Hence, the assembly of an elementary, albeit sufficient, molecular machinery that supports compartment division, is a crucial step towards the realization of self-reproducing artificial cells. Looking backward to the molecular nature of possible ancestral, supposedly more rudimentary, cell division systems may help to identify a minimal divisome. In light of a possible evolutionary pathway of division mechanisms from simple lipid vesicles toward modern life, we define two approaches for recapitulating division in primitive cells: the membrane deforming protein route and the lipid biosynthesis route. Having identified possible proteins and working mechanisms participating in membrane shape alteration, we then discuss how they could be integrated into the construction framework of a programmable minimal cell relying on gene expression inside liposomes. The protein synthesis using recombinant elements (PURE) system, a reconstituted minimal gene expression system, is conceivably the most versatile synthesis platform. As a first step towards the de novo synthesis of a divisome, we showed that the N-BAR domain protein produced from its gene could assemble onto the outer surface of liposomes and sculpt the membrane into tubular structures. We finally discuss the remaining challenges for building up a self-reproducing minimal cell, in particular the coupling of the division machinery with volume expansion and genome replication.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Vadym Tkach and Prof. Dimitrios Stamou from the University of Copenhagen for providing us with the plasmid pGEX6P2. We are grateful to Ilja Westerlaken from our lab for cloning the N-BAR gene into the pRSET-B vector, to Mona Mohseni Kabir for her help with the membrane deformation assays and to Pauline van Nies for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) through a VIDI grant and an ALW Open Programma grant to C.D., and by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) fellowship to A.S.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands

    Zohreh Nourian, Andrew Scott & Christophe Danelon

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  1. Zohreh Nourian
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  2. Andrew Scott
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  3. Christophe Danelon
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Correspondence to Christophe Danelon.

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Nourian, Z., Scott, A. & Danelon, C. Toward the assembly of a minimal divisome. Syst Synth Biol 8, 237–247 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11693-014-9150-x

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