Abstract
The effects of Ag content and hot-rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Zn-1.5Cu-xAg-0.1Zr(x = 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0) alloys were investigated. The microstructure, phase composition and fracture morphology of the alloys were observed and analyzed by optical microscope, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and universal mechanical testing machine. The results show that Ag has the effect of grain refinement. After alloying, the grain size of as-cast Zn-1.5Cu-xAg-0.1Zr alloy decreased first and then increased, and the minimum grain size of as-cast Zn-1.5Cu-0.5Ag-0.1Zr alloy was refined to 64.18 μm. At the same time, new phase AgZn3 began to precipitate, the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (EL) of alloys were also up to 97.35 MPa, 139.25 MPa and 7.60%, respectively. After hot-rolling, the grain of Zn-1.5Cu-xAg-0.1Zr alloy was broken and new phase CuZn5 was precipitated. The mechanical properties were significantly improved, and the maximum YS, UTS and EL of as-rolled Zn-1.5Cu-1.0Ag-0.1Zr alloy were 218.14MPa, 244.83MPa, 64.50%, respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. Yibin, Y. Ke, and L. Yong, Research and Development of New Biomedical Metallic Materials, Mater. Rep., 2002, 02, p 12–15.
J. Nagels, M. Stokdijk, and P.M. Rozing, Stress Shielding and Bone Resorption in Shoulder Arthroplasty, J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2003, 12(1), p 35–39.
H. Jin, S. Zhao, and R. Guillory et al., Novel High-Strength, Low-Alloys Zn-Mg (< 01 wt.% Mg) and Their Arterial Biodegradation, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2018, 84, p 67–79.
M.S. Dhillon, S. Prabhakar, and C. Prasanna, Preliminary Experience with Biodegradable Implants for Fracture Fixation, Indian J. Orthop., 2008, 42(3), p 319–322.
D.E. Drachman, and D.I. Simon, Inflammation as a Mechanism and Therapeutic Target for In-Stent Restenosis, Curr. Atheroscler. Rep., 2005, 7(1), p 44–49.
J. Huang, Y. Lai, and H. Jin et al., Preparation and Properties of Zn-Cu Alloy for Potential Stent Material, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2020, 29, p 6484–6493.
J. Kuhlmann, I. Bartsch, and E. Willbold et al., Fast Escape of Hydrogen from Gas Cavities Around Corroding Magnesium Implants, Acta. Biomater, 2013, 9, p 8714.
M. Schinhammer, A.C. Hänzi, J.F. Löffler et al., Design Strategy for Biodegradable Fe- Based Alloys for Medical Applications, Acta. Biomater., 2010, 6, p 1705.
W. Wu, D. Gastaldi, and K. Yang et al., Finite Element Analyses for Design Evaluation of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy Stents in Arterial Vessels, Mater. Sci. Eng. B Adv. Funct. Solid-State Mater., 2011, 176(20), p 1733–1740.
D. Xiaojun, Y. Xirong, and W. Chang et al., Research Progress in Biomedical Biodegradable Zinc-Based Alloys, Mater. Rep., 2018, 32(21), p 80–85.
H. Li, and A. Yufeng et al., Progress of Biodegradable Metals, Prog. Nat. Sci. Engl. Ver., 2014, 5, p 414–414.
J. Venezuela, and M.S. Dargusch, The Influence of Alloying and Fabrication Techniques on the Mechanical Properties, Biodegradability and Biocompatibility of Zinc: A Comprehensive Review, Acta Biomater., 2019, 87, p 1–40.
M. Yu, C. George, and Y. Cao et al., Microstructure, Corrosion, and Mechanical Properties of Compression-Molded Zinc-Nanodiamond Composites, J. Mater. Sci., 2014, 49(10), p 3629–3641.
M. Sikora-Jasinska, E. Mostaed, and A. Mostaed et al., Fabrication, Mechanical Properties and in vitro Degradation Behavior of Newly Developed ZnAg Alloys for Degradable Implant Applications, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2017, 77, p 1170–1181.
M. Wątroba, W. Bednarczyk, and J. Kawałko et al., Design of Novel Zn-Ag-Zr Alloy with Enhanced Strength as a Potential Biodegradable Implant Material, Mater. Des., 2019, 183, p 108154.
A. Simchi, E. Tamjid, and F. Pishbin et al., Recent Progress in Inorganic and Composite Coatings with Bactericidal Capability for Orthopaedic Applications, Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med., 2011, 7(1), p 22–39.
W. Shao, and Q. Zhao, Influence of Reducers on Nanostructure and Surface Energy of Silver Coatings and Bacterial Adhesion, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 204(8), p 1288–1294.
C. Chen, R. Yue, and J. Zhang et al., Biodegradable Zn-1.5Cu-1.5Ag Alloy with Anti-Aging Ability and Strain Hardening Behavior for Cardiovascular Stents, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2020, 116, p 111172.
M. Wątroba, W. Bednarczyk, and J. Kawałko et al., Effect of Zirconium Microaddition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Zn-Zr Alloys, Mater. Charact., 2018, 142, p 187–194.
Z. Tang, H. Huang, and J. Niu et al., Design and Characterizations of Novel Biodegradable Zn-Cu-Mg Alloys for Potential Biodegradable Implants, Mater. Des., 2017, 117, p 84–94.
R. Zhao, Q. Ma, and L. Zhang et al., Revealing the Influence of Zr Micro-Alloying and Hot Extrusion on a Novel High Ductility Zn–1Mg Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2021, 801, p 140395.
Z. Liu, D. Qiu, and F. Wang et al., The Grain Refining Mechanism of Cast Zinc Through Silver Inoculation, Acta Mater., 2014, 79, p 315–326.
E. Hall, The Deformation and Ageing of Mild Steel: III Discussion of Results, Proc. Phys. Soc. London Sect. B, 1951, 64(9), p 747.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jin, H., Li, W., Chen, L. et al. Effects of Ag Content and Hot-Rolling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Zn-Cu-xAg-Zr Alloy. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 31, 5964–5972 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06661-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06661-3