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Effects of Laser Polishing on Surface Characteristics and Wettability of Directed Energy-Deposited 316L Stainless Steel

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Abstract

Directed energy deposition (DED) is one of the most used additive manufacturing processes for the fabrication of 3D-metal components. However, surface quality is not always within the limits required for most applications. Post-processing operations can overcome such a limitation. Laser polishing (LP) can be performed with the use of a same energy source and same gripping position, thus improving both surface roughness and functional characteristics (e.g., wettability). However, the literature lacks studies on the process parameters and their influence on roughness and wettability characteristics. This article investigates the influence of LP on surface roughness and wettability of AISI 316L SS produced by DED and proposes equations that predict surface roughness and remelted layer thickness (RLT) as a function of laser power (P). The surfaces were characterized by metallographic analysis, microhardness, surface roughness parameters (Sa, Sz, Sku, and Ssk), and contact angle. The results showed a reduction of up to 86% in Sa, and the Sz/Sa ratio as a P-function was correlated to a surface improvement. Sku and Ssk help to better characterize the surface, thus affecting its wettability. The RLT displayed a linear and P-dependent behavior. No alteration in the microstructure/microhardness was observed after the LP.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)—Grant Numbers 2016/11309-0, 2019/10758-4, 2019/26362-2—and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.

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  1. São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Adriel Magalhães Souza, Johan Grass Nuñez, Fábio Edson Mariani, Eraldo Jannone da Silva & Reginaldo Teixeira Coelho

  2. Department of Control and Industrial Processes, Federal Institute of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Rodrigo Ferreira

  3. Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Facultad de Ingeniería Aeronáutica, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 #70-01, Medellín, MDE, Colombia

    Germán Barragán

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This invited article is part of a special topical focus in the Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance on Additive Manufacturing. The issue was organized by Dr. William Frazier, Pilgrim Consulting, LLC; Mr. Rick Russell, NASA; Dr. Yan Lu, NIST; Dr. Brandon D. Ribic, America Makes; and Caroline Vail, NSWC Carderock.

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Souza, A.M., Ferreira, R., Barragán, G. et al. Effects of Laser Polishing on Surface Characteristics and Wettability of Directed Energy-Deposited 316L Stainless Steel. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 30, 6752–6765 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05991-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05991-y

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