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RETRACTED ARTICLE: All-Atom Molecular-Level Analysis of the Ballistic-Impact-Induced Densification and Devitrification of Fused Silica

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This article was retracted on 10 March 2017

Abstract

All-atom molecular-level computations are carried out to infer the dynamic response and material microstructure/topology changes of fused silica subjected to ballistic impact by a hard projectile. The analysis was focused on the investigation of specific aspects of the dynamic response and of the microstructural changes such as the deformation of highly sheared and densified regions and the conversion of amorphous fused silica to SiO2 crystalline allotropic modifications (in particular, α-quartz and stishovite). The microstructural changes in question were determined by carrying out a post-processing atom-coordination procedure. This procedure suggested the formation of stishovite (and perhaps α-quartz) within fused silica during ballistic impact. To rationalize the findings obtained, the all-atom molecular-level computational analysis is complemented by a series of quantum-mechanics density functional theory (DFT) computations. The latter computations enable determination of the relative potential energies of the fused silica, α-quartz, and stishovite under ambient pressure (i.e., under their natural densities) as well as under imposed (as high as 50 GPa) pressures (i.e., under higher densities) and shear strains. In addition, the transition states associated with various fused-silica devitrification processes were identified. The results obtained are found to be in good agreement with their respective experimental counterparts.

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Acknowledgments

The material presented in this paper is based on the work supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) research contract entitled “Reactive-Moiety Functionalization of Polyurea for Increased Shock-Mitigation Performance,” Contract Number N00014-14-1-0286.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Mica Grujicic, 241 Engineering Innovation Building, Clemson, SC, 29634-0921, USA

    M. Grujicic, J. S. Snipes, S. Ramaswami & R. Yavari

  2. Ships and Engineering Systems Division, Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, 22203, USA

    R. S. Barsoum

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Correspondence to M. Grujicic.

Additional information

The Publisher has retracted the following article from the Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance at the request of the Editor-in-Chief, following an investigation that revealed extensive duplication of previous publications.

M. Grujicic, J.S. Snipes, S. Ramaswami, R. Yavari and R.S. Barsoum, “All-Atom Molecular-Level Analysis of the Ballistic-Impact-Induced Densification and Devitrification of Fused Silica”, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2015), 24, 2970.

The above article is a copy of M. Grujicic, J.S. Snipes, S. Ramaswami, R. Yavari and B. Cheeseman, “Densification and Devitrification of Fused Silica Induced by Ballistic Impact: A Computational Investigation”, J. Nanomater. (2015), Article ID 650625, DOI:10.1155/2015/650625.

We regret the inconvenience caused to our readers.

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2585-y.

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Grujicic, M., Snipes, J.S., Ramaswami, S. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: All-Atom Molecular-Level Analysis of the Ballistic-Impact-Induced Densification and Devitrification of Fused Silica. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 24, 2970–2983 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-015-1590-2

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