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Development of Carbon Nanotube-Supported Metal (Mo, Ga, Bi)-Doped Polyacrylic Acid Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications

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Abstract

Polyacrylic acid (PAAc) polymer was synthesized using a radical polymerization method that involved sequential mixing of monomer, cross-linker, accelerator, and initiator. Subsequently, polymer composites with carbon nanotube (CNT) and molybdenum (Mo), gallium (Ga), and bismuth (Bi))/CNT catalysts were synthesized using identical parameters. The hydrogels were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX) and mapping, infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The PAAc-graft(g)-(Mo/CNT) electrode, which acts as a supercapacitor electrode, displayed a significant specific capacitance of 160.80 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1. After 5000 cycles, PAAc-g-(Mo/CNT), PAAc-g-(Ga/CNT), and PAAc-g-(Bi/CNT) demonstrated capacitance retention of 80.7%, 75.9%, and 62.5%, respectively. Comparing the results from cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance tests, it was determined that the electrode containing Mo exhibits superior and more robust electrochemical stability than electrodes containing Ga and Bi.

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Data and Code Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Scientific Research Projects Commission (Project No. 2689) at Eskisehir Osmangazi University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Dania Alovn

  2. Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Department of Physical Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey

    Sibel Yazar

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Aykut Caglar & Hilal Kivrak

  4. Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Hilal Kivrak

  5. Central Research Laboratory, Research and Application Center, Bartın University, 74100, Bartın, Turkey

    Aykut Caglar

Authors
  1. Dania Alovn
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  2. Sibel Yazar
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  3. Aykut Caglar
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  4. Hilal Kivrak
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Contributions

HK: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—Reviewing and Editing, Supervision. SY: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—Reviewing and Editing, Supervision. AC: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—Original draft preparation. DA: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—Original draft preparation.

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Correspondence to Sibel Yazar or Hilal Kivrak.

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Alovn, D., Yazar, S., Caglar, A. et al. Development of Carbon Nanotube-Supported Metal (Mo, Ga, Bi)-Doped Polyacrylic Acid Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications. J. Electron. Mater. 53, 991–1001 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-023-10832-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-023-10832-w

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