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Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of the Bake-Hardening Behavior of Transformation-Induced Plasticity and Dual-Phase Steels

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Abstract

The effect of prestraining (PS) and bake hardening (BH) on the microstructures and mechanical properties has been studied in transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and dual-phase (DP) steels after intercritical annealing. The DP steel showed an increase in the yield strength and the appearance of the upper and lower yield points after a single BH treatment as compared with the as-received condition, whereas the mechanical properties of the TRIP steel remained unchanged. This difference appears to be because of the formation of plastic deformation zones with high dislocation density around the “as-quenched” martensite in the DP steel, which allowed carbon to pin these dislocations, which, in turn, increased the yield strength. It was found for both steels that the BH behavior depends on the dislocation rearrangement in ferrite with the formation of cell, microbands, and shear band structures after PS. The strain-induced transformation of retained austenite to martensite in the TRIP steel contributes to the formation of a complex dislocation structure.

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Notes

  1. PHILIPS is a trademark of Philips, Holland.

  2. PHILIPS is a trademark of Philips Electronic Instruments Corp., Mahwah, NJ.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the support of the Ford Motor Company and the Australia Research Council (ARC) Linkage Scheme. One of the authors (PDH) also acknowledges the support of an ARC Federation fellowship. In addition, the authors acknowledge the assistance of Mr. B. Clarke with tensile testing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia

    I.B. Timokhina (Research Fellow)

  2. Center for Material and Fiber Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia

    P.D. Hodgson (Professor, ARC Federation Fellow)

  3. School of Mechanical, Material and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia

    E.V. Pereloma (Professor, Director of BlueScope Steel Metallurgy Centre)

Authors
  1. I.B. Timokhina
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  2. P.D. Hodgson
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  3. E.V. Pereloma
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Correspondence to I.B. Timokhina.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted September 17, 2006.

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Timokhina, I., Hodgson, P. & Pereloma, E. Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of the Bake-Hardening Behavior of Transformation-Induced Plasticity and Dual-Phase Steels. Metall Mater Trans A 38, 2442–2454 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9258-7

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