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Prevalence of osteosarcopenic obesity and related factors among Iranian older people: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program

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Abstract

Summary

Osteosarcopenic obesity is a new syndrome that has been recently discussed in the scientific community. It is a condition that affects the elderly and involves the loss of bone, muscle, and fat tissue. The few studies that have been done on this disease showed that it has a high prevalence among the elderly and can cause various complications. This study was the first one to investigate this syndrome in Iran, and found that its prevalence was 19.83%.

Background

Osteosarcopenic obesity syndrome (OSO) is a condition that involves osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity. It leads to a reduction in the quality of life of the elderly and an increase in hospitalization which has attracted the attention of physicians. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of osteosarcopenic obesity in people over 60 years of age in Bushehr.

Materials and methods

We used data from the Bushehr study, which included 2426 participants aged ≥ 60 years. We assessed osteoporosis/osteopenia based on T-score; sarcopenia based on hand grip strength, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and walking speed; and obesity based on fat mass and BMI for diagnosing OSO. We first examined the factors related to OSO in the univariable analysis and then fitted the multiple logistic regression model, separately for women and men. The result was summarized as adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval.

Results

In total, 2339 elderly were examined in our study, of which 464 elderly were suffering from osteosarcopenic obesity. The standardized prevalence of OSO was 23.66% (95% CI: 21.15–26.16) in women and 18.53% (95% CI 16.35–20.87) in men. Age was positively linked to osteosarcopenic obesity in both genders and so was diabetes in men. However, education, physical activity, and protein intake were negatively linked to osteosarcopenic obesity in both genders, as well as hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension in women.

Conclusion

The prevalence of OSO among men and women of Bushehr city is high and is related to increasing age, low levels of education, physical activity, and protein intake among women and men.

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Data Availability

The dataset analyzed in this paper is provided by BEH study that is not publicly available, however it could be accessible upon reasonable request.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical, Tehran, Iran

    Mozhgan Ahmadinezhad

  2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Ali Mansournia

  3. Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10-Jalal-e-ale-ahmad St, Chamran Hwy, P. O. Box: 14117-13137, Tehran, Iran

    Noushin Fahimfar

  4. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Gita Shafiee

  5. The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

    Iraj Nabipour

  6. Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mahnaz Sanjari, Kazem Khalagi, Mohammad Javad Mansourzadeh & Afshin Ostovar

  7. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Bagher Larijani

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  1. Mozhgan Ahmadinezhad
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mohammad Ali Mansournia or Noushin Fahimfar.

Ethics declarations

The BEH program has received the ethical approval of both Bushehr University of Medical Sciences and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the BEH program. The current study was approved by the ethical approval number of IR.TUMS.SPH.REC.1401.049.

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Ahmadinezhad, M., Mansournia, M.A., Fahimfar, N. et al. Prevalence of osteosarcopenic obesity and related factors among Iranian older people: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program. Arch Osteoporos 18, 137 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-023-01340-9

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