Abstract
Tendon injuries are a cause of physical disability, especially in athletes. The challenge for orthopaedic surgeons is owed to the fact that injured tendons respond poorly to conventional treatments and stem-cell-based therapies may offer great potential to promote tendon regeneration tanks toh their proliferative, synthetic, and immunomodulatory activities. This work was aimed at providing an update on the current role and future directions of stem-cell-based therapies, discussing clinical cases. In spite of positive outcomes, additional clinical trials are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of the treatment.
Similar content being viewed by others
Bibliografia
Maffulli N, Wong J, Almekinders LC (2003) Types and epidemiology of tendinopathy. Clin Sports Med 22(4):675–692
Duance VC, Restall DJ, Beard H et al. (1997) The location of three collagen types in skeletal muscle. FEBS Lett 79:248–252
Fukuta S, Oyama M, Kavalcovich K et al. (1998) Identification of types II, IX and X collagens at the insertion of the bovine Achilles tendon. Matrix Biol 17:65–73
Waggett AD, Ralphs JR, Kwan AP et al. (1998) Characterization of collagens and proteoglycans at the insertion of the human Achilles tendon. Matrix Biol 16:457–470
Hess GP, Cappiello WL, Poole RM et al. (1989) Prevention and treatment of overuse tendon injuries. Sports Med 8:371–384
Bi Y, Ehirchiou D, Kilts TM et al. (2007) Identification of tendon stem/progenitor cells and the role of the extracellular matrix in their niche. Nat Med 13(10):1219–1227
Tan Q, Lui PP, Lee YW (2013) In vivo identity of tendon stem cells and the roles of stem cells in tendon healing. Stem Cells Dev 22(23):3128–3140
Lui PP (2013) Histopathological changes in tendinopathy – potential roles of BMPs? Rheumatology (Oxf) 52(12):2116–2126
Rui YF, Lui PP, Chan LS et al. (2011) Does erroneous differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells contribute to the pathogenesis of calcifying tendinopathy? Chin Med J (Engl) 124(4):606–610
Petersen W, Hohmann G, Stein V et al. (2002) The blood supply of the posterior tibial tendon. J Bone Jt Surg Br 84:141–144
Ackermann PW, Li J, Finn A et al. (2001) A. Autonomic innervation of tendons, ligaments and joint capsules. A morphologic and quantitative study in the rat. J Orthop Res 19:372–378
Bring DK, Kreicbergs A, Renstrom PA et al. (2007) Physical activity modulates nerve plasticity and stimulates repair after Achilles tendon rupture. J Orthop Res 25:164–172
Shaw HM Benjamin M (2007) Structure-function relationships of enthuses in relation to mechanical load and exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 17:303–315
Zhang J, Wang JH (2010) Characterization of differential properties of rabbit tendon stem cells and tenocytes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 11:10
Yao L, Bestwick CS, Bestwick LA et al. (2006) Phenotypic drift in human tenocyte culture. Tissue Eng 12(7):1843–1849
Schwarz R, Colarusso L, Doty P (1976) Maintenance of differentiation in primary cultures of avian tendon cells. Exp Cell Res 102(1):63–71
Jelinsky SA, Archambault J, Li L et al. (2010) Tendon selective genes identified from rat and human musculoskeletal tissues. J Orthop Res 28(3):289–297
Wang A, Mackie K, Breidahl W et al. (2015) Evidence for the durability to autologous tenocyte injection for treatment of chronic resistant lateral epicondylitis: mean 4.5-year clinical follow-up. Am J Sports Med 43:1775–1783
Clarke AW, Alyas F, Morris T et al. (2011) Skin-derived tenocyte-like cells for the treatment of patellar tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med 39(3):614–623
Blum B, Benvensity N (2008) The tumorigenicity of human embryonic stem cells. Adv Cancer Res 100:133–158
Hentze H, Graichen R, Colman A (2007) Cell therapy and the safety of embryonic stem cell-derived grafts. Trends Biotechnol 25(1):24–32
Van Eijk F, Saris DB, Riesle J et al. (2004) Tissue engineering for ligaments: a comparison of bone marrow stromal cells, anterior cruciate ligament, and skin fibroblasts as cell source. Tissue Eng 10(5–6):893–903
Ge Z, Goh JC, Lee EH (2005) Selection of cell source for ligament tissue engineering. Cell Transplant 14(8):573–583
Hankemeier S, Hurschler C, Zeichen J et al. (2009) Bone marrow stromal cells in a liquid fibrin matrix improve the healing process of patellar tendon window defects. Tissue Eng Part A 15(5):1019–1030
Patrikoski M, Sivula J, Huhtala H et al. (2014) Different culture conditions modulate the immunological properties of adipose stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 3(10):1220–1230
Lui PP, Kong SK, Lau PM et al. (2014) Allogeneic tendon-derived stem cells promote tendon healing and suppress immunoreactions in hosts: in vivo model. Tissue Eng Part A 20(21–22):2998–3009
Griffin MD, Ritter T, Mahon BP (2010) Immunological aspects of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapies. Hum Gene Ther 12(4):444–455
Manning CN, Martel C, Sakiyama-Elbert SE et al. (2015) Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells modulate tendon fibroblast responses to macrophage-induced inflammation in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 6:74
Lange-Consiglio A, Rossi D, Tassan S et al. (2013) Conditioned medium from horse amniotic membrane-derived multipotent progenitor cells: immunomodulatory activity in vitro and first clinical application in tendon and ligament injuries in vivo. Stem Cells Dev 22(22):3015–3024
Im GI (2017) Clinical use of stem cells in orthopaedics. Eur Cells Mater 33:183–196
Chen X, Jones IA, Park C et al. (2017) The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on tendon and ligament healing: a systematic review and meta-analysis with bias assessment. Am J Sports Med 46(8):2020–2032
Filardo G, Di Matteo B, Kon E et al. (2016) Platelet-rich plasma in tendon-related disorders: results and indications. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 26(7):1984–1999
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflitto di interesse
Gli autori A. Scotto di Luzio A, S. Di Franco, F. Peluso, D. Riccardi e A.P. D’Amato dichiarano di non aver alcun conflitto d’interesse.
Consenso informato e conformità agli standard etici
Tutte le procedure descritte nello studio e che hanno coinvolto essere umani sono state attuate in conformità alle norme etiche stabilite dalla dichiarazione di Helsinki del 1975 e successive modifiche. Il consenso informato è stato ottenuto da tutti i pazienti inclusi nello studio.
Human and animal rights
L’articolo non contiene alcuno studio eseguito su esseri umani e su animali da parte degli autori.
Additional information
S. Di Franco is resident M.D. Trainee in Anesthesiology, Independent Researcher.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Scotto di Luzio, A., Di Franco, S., Peluso, F. et al. Le cellule staminali mesenchimali nel trattamento delle lesioni muscolo-tendinee. LO SCALPELLO 33, 275–283 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11639-019-00332-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11639-019-00332-0