Abstract
In cold regions, the creep characteristics of warm frozen silty sand have significant effect on the stability of slope and subgrade. To investigate the creep behavior of warm frozen silty sand under thermo-mechanical coupling loads, a series of triaxial creep tests were carried out under different temperatures and stresses. The test results reveal that the creep strains decrease as the consolidation stress increases, and finally tend to be equal under the same loading stress, regardless of whether the stress is isotropic or deviatoric. Additionally, warm frozen silty sand is highly sensitive to temperature, which greatly influences the creep strain both in the consolidation stage and loading stage. Furthermore, based on the creep test phenomena, a new creep model that considers the influence of the stress level, temperature, hardening, and damage effect was established and experimentally validated. Finally, the sensitivity of the model parameters was analyzed, and it was found that the creep curve transitions from the attenuation creep stage to the non-attenuation creep stage as the temperature coefficient and stress coefficient increases. The hardening effect gradually changes to the damage effect as the coupling coefficient of the hardening and damage increases.
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Abbreviations
- σ 1 :
-
Major principal stress
- σ 2 :
-
Intermediate principal stress
- σ 3 :
-
Minor principal stress
- Sij :
-
Deviatoric stress tensor
- σ m :
-
Spherical stress tensor
- εij e, εij ve, εij p, and εij vp :
-
Elastic, viscoelastic, plastic, and viscoplastic strain, respectively
- ε m :
-
Spherical strain tensor
- E :
-
Elastic modulus
- K :
-
Bulk modulus
- G :
-
Shear modulus
- H :
-
Hardening parameter
- D :
-
Damage parameter
- η :
-
Viscous coefficient
- η 1 o :
-
Initial viscous Viscoplastic element
- η 2 o :
-
coefficient Viscoelastic element
- F :
-
Yield function
- Q :
-
Plastic potential function
- I 1 :
-
First invariant of the stress tensor
- J 2 :
-
Second deviatoric stress tensor invariant
- dλ :
-
Plastic scalar
- δ ij :
-
Kronecker tensor
- α and k :
-
Drucker-Prager strength parameters: representing internal friction and cohesion, respectively
- c and φ :
-
Cohesion and internal friction angle
- ξ :
-
Coupling coefficient of the hardening and damage effect
- χ :
-
Influence coefficients of stress
- δ :
-
Influence coefficients of temperature
- T and T c :
-
Temperature and reference temperature, respectively
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Acknowledgement
The research was supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41971076), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2016YFE0202400), and the State Key Laboratory of Road Engineering Safety and Health in Cold and High-altitude Regions (No. YGY2017KYPT-04).
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Zhang, F., Shi, S., Feng, Dc. et al. Investigation on creep behavior of warm frozen silty sand under thermo-mechanical coupling loads. J. Mt. Sci. 18, 1951–1965 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6411-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6411-x