Abstract
The Quercus genus provides ecological importance by improving the ecosystem in urban and forest settings. However, the massive exploitation of Quercus species without regulation causes deforestation in many areas. Reforestation of the affected areas with Quercus plantations derived from in vitro propagation is the best option. The Quercus micropropagation permits the cultivation of different parts of the plant in various medium compositions. Buds, meristems, and shoot tips can produce genetically stable clones, but meristems and embryos could be used to avoid contamination. Otherwise, the highest multiplication rate of Quercus is obtained by somatic embryogenesis. During in vitro multiplication, several problems can occur, such as basal calluses, vitrification, tissue necrosis, and phenol accumulation. Alternatively, adding supplements to the basal medium, like polyvinylpyrrolidone or ascorbic acid as well as casein hydrolysate, improves the Quercus in vitro culture by control of phenolics and tissue necrosis, respectively. The increase in agar and calcium concentrations and the removal of chloride from the medium reduce vitrification. The Woody Plant Medium is optimal for Quercus in vitro multiplication. Furthermore, the success of acclimatization is guaranteed by the transplantation of plantlets in sterile soil and their preservation in a high level of relative humidity alongside regular irrigation to avoid dehydration of plants. This review detailed an overview of different steps required for Quercus micropropagation and the different ameliorative strategies implemented to overcome the problems encountered during Quercus in vitro multiplication.
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Meyad, C., Henkrar, F., Bouhaddou, N. et al. Micropropagation of Quercus spp., complications and solutions—an overview. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 59, 446–460 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-023-10354-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-023-10354-4