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Highly Sensitive Multimode-Single-Mode-Multimode Optical Fiber SPR Refractive Index Sensor with GaSe Nanosheets

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Abstract

Introducing a two-dimensional material Gallium selenide (GaSe) for the sensitization for the first time, a novel multimode-single-mode-multimode fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with the gold (Au)-GaSe structure was designed and fabricated. GaSe has ultrahigh carrier mobility and exhibits more excellent optical properties that can strengthen the surface electric field strength and increase the sensitivity significantly. The simulation model is constructed by the finite element method and the optimal film thicknesses are obtained. The simulation results show that the introduction of GaSe enhances the electric field strength on the gold film surface and has great potential to enable sensors with higher sensitivity. The experimental results indicate that when the thicknesses of both Au film and GaSe nanofilm are set to 50 nm, the sensitivity is the highest, 6167.97 nm/RIU with the refractive index (RI) range from 1.33303 to 1.37340, three times that of the Au film sensors, and the figure of merits (FOM) reaches 34.41 RIU−1. Stability tests demonstrate that the sensor has excellent stability within several hours. The proposed sensor has promising applications in the fields of biosensing and medical detection with its extremely high sensitivity and good stability.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62073068, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant N2204019, the Applied Basic Research Program Project of Liaoning Province under Grant 2023JH2/101300179, the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries under Grant 2018ZCX29, the Shenyang Science and Technology Plan Project under Grant 23-407-3-01, Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China under Grant 2023M740543, Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant F2020501040, the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant ZR2020MF108 and ZR2020MD058, the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates under Grant 202310145068.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People’s Republic of China

    Jin-Da Liu, Nuerguli Kari, Hong-Shen Liu, Wei-Shu Wang, Zi-Ming Xia & Qi Wang

  2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People’s Republic of China

    Qi Wang

  3. State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People’s Republic of China

    Qi Wang

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  1. Jin-Da Liu
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jin-Da Liu, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Conceptualization, writing—reviewing and editing were performed by Nuerguli Kari. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Hong-Shen Liu, Wei-Shu Wang and Zi-Ming Xia. Resources and funding acquisition were performed by Qi Wang. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nuerguli Kari or Qi Wang.

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Liu, JD., Kari, N., Liu, HS. et al. Highly Sensitive Multimode-Single-Mode-Multimode Optical Fiber SPR Refractive Index Sensor with GaSe Nanosheets. Plasmonics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02252-1

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