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An Understanding for the Synthesis of Metal NPs to Photocatalysis to Toxicity

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Abstract

Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have been the subject of intense study in a wide variety of disciplines for quite some time now. Various metal nanoparticles like silver and gold, copper, nickel, palladium have been synthesized using plant extracts, flower seeds, polyvinylpyrrolidone, PEG200, egg-white, cellulose nanocrystals, nanosheets, fruit extracts, frankincense resin, and numerous other chemicals and biological methods. In addition to the synthesis, we have covered the nanoparticle’s size, characterization techniques, and toxicity in various organisms, all of which have been accompanied by concentration and LC50 values. Photocatalysis includes a change of the rate at which a photoreaction takes place by the addition of substances (catalysts) that are involved in the chemical reaction without getting used up. The photocatalytic degradation of the dyes is influenced by the size, shape, and surface of the metal nanoparticles, allowing for reaction stability and the formation of specific products with more efficiency. Metal nanoparticles is the focus of investigations into their hazardous effects on many organisms and cell lines. Synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles are discussed in this review and their toxicity is also elaborated have been the subject of this review. The obstacles for metal NPs are toxicity and long-term behavior in the environment and the potential benefits are removal of contaminants, controlled drug delivery, and others.

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Abbreviations

NPs:

Nanoparticles

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

HRTEM:

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy

UV-Vis:

Ultraviolet-visible

FT-IR:

Fourier transform infrared

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

HE-SEM:

High-energy scanning electron microscopy

SAED:

Selected area electron diffraction

EDAX:

Energy dispersive X-ray analysis

AAS:

Atomic absorption spectroscopy

Temp.:

Temperature

Conc.:

Concentration

LC:

Lethal concentration

nm:

Nanometer

min:

Minutes

CR:

Congo red

MB:

Methylene blue

MG:

Malachite green

MO:

Methyl orange

RhB:

Rhodamine B

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Mohd. Aslam, Abhay Giri Goswami,  Bhawna, Prashant Singh & Bhaskara Nand Pant

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, NCR Campus, Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India

    Mohd. Aslam,  Bhawna & Garima Pandey

  3. Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Bhawna

  4. Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India

    Bhawna & Vinod Kumar

  5. Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Kamlesh Kumari

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  1. Mohd. Aslam
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  3. Bhawna
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  4. Prashant Singh
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  5. Vinod Kumar
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  7. Garima Pandey
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  8. Kamlesh Kumari
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Contributions

Mohd. Aslam, Abhay Giri Goswami, and Bhawna: collection of literature on experimental approach, draft of the manuscript; Vinod Kumar, Bhaskaranand Pant, Garima Pandey, and Indra Bahadur: draft preparation and review editing; Prashant Singh and Kamlesh Kumari: conceptualization and finalization of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Prashant Singh, Garima Pandey or Kamlesh Kumari.

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Aslam, M., Goswami, A.G., Bhawna et al. An Understanding for the Synthesis of Metal NPs to Photocatalysis to Toxicity. Plasmonics (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02151-x

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