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Heralded entanglement between error-protected logical qubits for fault-tolerant distributed quantum computing

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Abstract

Quantum error correction is essential for achieving reliable quantum information processing tasks, as it can mitigate the detrimental effects of noise by encoding single-qubit information into a larger quantum system. However, the generation of distributed entanglement between logical qubits located within two spatially separated nodes presents a significant resource-intensive challenge that has yet to be overcome. Here we present a heralded protocol for generating distributed entanglement between two nonlocal error-protected logical qubits. A high-dimensional single photon can evolve physical qubits into a logical qubit that entangles with the photon and then converts logical qubit-photon entanglement into entanglement between two logical qubits, when the photon state is properly tuned and an effective photon-spin interface between single photons and individual spins is exploited. Furthermore, the success of the entanglement generation is heralded by the detection of the photon, and the corresponding efficiency can, in principle, approach unity. These distinguished features make our protocol highly appealing for future large-scale quantum technologies.

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  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, School of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China

    Jialun Li, Zhihao Xie, Yachen Li, Yansen Liang, Zhenhua Li & Tao Li

  2. National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China

    Tao Li

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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11904171, and 62221004), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 30922010807).

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Li, J., Xie, Z., Li, Y. et al. Heralded entanglement between error-protected logical qubits for fault-tolerant distributed quantum computing. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 67, 220311 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-023-2245-9

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