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Mars exploration—In situ K-Ar dating of jarosite

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Abstract

To accurately determine the chronological framework of climatic variations recorded by various Martian terrains, the absolute ages of Martian events and cratering rate need to be constrained by either in situ dating or returned samples. In situ K-Ar dating is currently a more plausible dating technique as compared with sample return. Jarosite (KFe3[SO4]2[OH]6) is the only confirmed K sulfate mineral that is widely present on Mars, as indicated by in situ detection, orbital remote sensing, and meteorite studies. Jarosite can be used for precise K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating. The preservation of jarosite on Mars provides information about the nature and duration of aqueous processes on the Martian surface. Different ages of Martian jarosite represent the key to constraining the transition from Martian surface water activity to arid climatic conditions. This paper summarizes recent advances in our knowledge of the spatial distribution of Martian jarosite, its mineralogical properties and stability on Mars, the Ar diffusion kinetics of jarosite, and the current status of in situ K-Ar dating. Moreover, we examine the key scientific issues to be addressed for in situ K-Ar dating of jarosite and Martian sample return missions, and discuss future research directions.

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank the expert reviewers for their valuable and constructive comments, which helped to improve this paper. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42241161, 41873063), the Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey (Grant No. DD20221644), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021M703196), and the 2021 Graduate Innovation Fund Project of China University of Geosciences, Beijing (Grant No. YB2021YC021).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety, Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Jing Yang, Hong Chen & Li Yang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, 100029, China

    Dewen Zheng & Ying Wu

  3. Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China

    Li Yang

  4. Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Bin Zhang

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Yang, J., Zheng, D., Wu, Y. et al. Mars exploration—In situ K-Ar dating of jarosite. Sci. China Earth Sci. 67, 641–656 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-023-1245-8

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