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Research progress in assessment and strategies for sustainable food system within planetary boundaries

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Abstract

Meeting the increasing food demand in a manner that ensures both resources and environmental sustainability poses a global challenge. The conceptual framework of planetary boundaries (PBs) has emerged as a crucial reference in the study of sustainable food system, with specific focuses on key dimensions such as land use change, freshwater use, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, we summarized the threshold applications of PBs in sustainable food system research at both the global and national (China) scales. Based on these thresholds, we evaluated the sustainability conditions of the food system, considering resources such as cropland, freshwater, N and P applications, as well as environmental impacts including N and P losses, and GHG emissions. In addition, we explored the impacts of single or combined management strategies on sustainable food systems. These strategies included dietary changes, improvements in technologies and management, reductions in food loss and waste, and optimization in agricultural production distribution. Finally, we outlined future research directions in sustainable food system, including enhancing research on the interaction mechanisms among PBs elements within food systems, conducting downscaling studies of PBs elements at national and regional levels, and ensuring the rationality of policy-making for sustainable food systems in China. This study can provide a theoretical foundation and strategies guidance for sustainable food system and agricultural land use management in the future both globally and in China.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the editor-in-chief, the responsible editor, and the two anonymous reviewers for their careful review and constructive comments, which greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 72221002 & 41930647).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Minglei Wang & Wenjiao Shi

  2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Minglei Wang & Wenjiao Shi

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Wang, M., Shi, W. Research progress in assessment and strategies for sustainable food system within planetary boundaries. Sci. China Earth Sci. 67, 375–386 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-023-1232-y

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