Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological degeneration, and cancer. Therefore, the growing emphasis on “healthy aging” raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences. In recent years, there has been unprecedented progress in aging research, particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes. In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases, we review the descriptive, conceptual, and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871380, 32000500, 32070730, 32170756, 32170804, 81330008, 81671377, 81725010, 81725010, 81872874, 81921006, 81922027, 81971312, 81991512, 82030041, 82103167, 82122024, 82125009, 82125011, 82130044, 91749126, 91949101, 91949207, 92049302), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0506400, 2018YFA0800200, 2018YFA0800700, 2018YFA0900200, 2018YFC2000100, 2018YFC2000400, 2018YFE-0203700, 20192ACB70002, 2019YFA0802202, 2020YFA0113400, 2020YFA0803401, 2020YFA0804000, 2020YFC2002800, 2020YFC-2002900, 2021ZD0202401), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA16010100, XDA16010603, XDA16020400, XDB29020000, XDB39000000, XDB39000000, XDB39030300), the China Association for Science and Technology (2021QNRC001), the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Z200022), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (21JC1406400), the Key Programs of the Jiangxi Province, China (20192ACB70002), the “Shu Guang” Project supported by the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation (19SG18), the Shanghai Sailing Program (22YF1434300), the Research Project of Joint Laboratory of University of Science and Technology of China and Anhui Mental Health Center (2019LH03), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2070210004), the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology (YESS20210002), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2022083). We apologize for omission of relevant works due to space constraints. We thank all the members of the Chinese Society for Aging Cell Research, Chinese Society for Cell Biology for their helpful suggestions on the manuscript. We thank Qiaoran Wang for drawing the Figure 1. We are also grateful to Shanshan Che and Jinghao Hu for their assistant in reviewing the manuscript.
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Cai, Y., Song, W., Li, J. et al. The landscape of aging. Sci. China Life Sci. 65, 2354–2454 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-022-2161-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-022-2161-3