Abstract
Purpose
Adding organic soil amendments, like animal manure, can alleviate the mobility of lead (Pb). However, there is a scarcity of in vivo studies examining the impact of animal manure as a soil amendment on mammals.
Methods
Six C57BL/6 mice per group were raised for 30 and 98 days on soil containing 3000 mg Pb/kg. On Pb-spiked soil, chicken manure (40 t/ha) was applied as an immobilizer. Pb concentrations in the tissues were analyzed using ICP-MS after microwave digestion. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of antioxidant and cell apoptosis genes in the liver, kidneys, and brain.
Results
When chicken manure was used as the immobilizer in Pb-spiked soil, Pb concentrations in the brain, kidneys, and lungs at day 30 were significantly different (p < 0.05) with reduction percentages of 28.58, 26.63, and 25.62, respectively. The brain, kidneys, liver, and bone, except for the lungs and trachea, also showed a similar reducing phenomenon on day 98, with percentages of 11.82, 4.63, 29.87, and 14.54, respectively. There was a significant difference in the levels of Nrf2, HMOX1, SOD1, CAT, BCL2, and Bax in the brain between Pb-exposed and remediated groups after 98 days of exposure.
Conclusions
This study highlights that the utilization of chicken manure reduced Pb accumulation in tissues (6.25–28.58% at 30 days and 4.63–29.87% at 98 days). This reduction in Pb accumulation subsequently alleviated the body burden by activating antioxidant genes in the brain, notably HMOX1, SOD1, and CAT.
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Data availability
Available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This work was supported by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan awarded to Mayumi Ishizuka (Nos. 18KK0287, 21H02351, and 22KK0163), and Shouta MM Nakayama (Nos. 23H03545, 23K28235 and 20K20633). This work was also supported by the foundation of JSPS Bilateral Open Partnership Joint Research Projects (JPJSBP120209902; SMMN). This work was also supported by JSPS CORE to CORE program (MI, SMMN), The Japan Prize Foundation (SMMN), Hokkaido University Specific Research Projects (MI) and WISE One health Frontier Graduate School of Excellence Grant-in-Aid for Graduate Students (NCS). This research was also supported by JST/JICA, SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development; No. JPMJSA1501; MI), aXis (Accelerating Social Implementation for SDGs Achievement; No. JPMJAS2001; MI), and AJ-CORE project funded by JST (MI).
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Nyein Chan Soe: conceptualization, data analysis, investigation, methodology, and writing both drafting the original paper. Yared Beyene Yohannes: analysis and writing—review and editing. Takamitsu Ohigashi: conceptualization, investigation, and writing. Hokuto Nakata: methodolog, and writing. Chikae Tatsumi: methodology and writing. Yoshitaka Uchida: supervision. Walubita Mufalo: investigation. Mayumi Ito: supervision. Tsutomu Sato: supervision. Toshifumi Igarashi: supervision. Yoshinori Ikenaka: supervision. Mayumi Ishizuka: funding acquisition, supervision, and reviewing the manuscript. Shouta M.M. Nakayama: conceptualization, analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, supervision, writing and reviewing the manuscript, and corresponding author.
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Soe, N.C., Yohannes, Y.B., Ohigashi, T. et al. Effect of chicken manure amendment on lead burden in mice: exposure to lead-spiked soil. J Soils Sediments (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03769-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03769-y