Abstract
Purpose
In the dry-hot valley region of Southwest China, cropland soil macropore properties and hydraulic conductivity may exhibit complex temporal variations due to the combined effects of dramatic seasonal dry‒wet cycles, tillage-related disturbances and crop growth. This study aims to clarify the integrated mechanisms governing the variation in soil macropore properties and hydraulic conductivity.
Materials and methods
Three treatments were applied to cropland plots, namely, continuous fallow (CF), fallow after tillage (TF), and corn sown after tillage (TC), to quantify the effect of dry‒wet cycles, tillage-related disturbances, and crop growth, respectively, on soil macropore properties and hydraulic conductivity. X-ray computed tomography (CT) analysis (a total of 48 samples) and MiniDisk Infiltrator (MDI) experiments (a total of 162) were performed during three periods: the beginning of the wet season (May), mid-wet season (August), and the beginning of the dry season (October).
Results and discussion
The temporal variation in soil indexes for the continuous fallow treatment was statistically insignificant. Tillage in the early rainy season sharply increased soil macroporosity (1.96 times higher) and hydraulic conductivity (4.88 times higher) compared with the continuous fallow treatment. Nevertheless, both parameters then decreased in the fallow after tillage treatment and finally approached the values for the continuous fallow treatment in August. On the other hand, the corn sown after tillage treatment significantly enhanced soil macroporosity and hydraulic conductivity during the experimental period. Soil macropore parameters, such as hydraulic radius, global connectivity, and macroporosity, could explain the variance in hydraulic conductivity. Among these, macroporosity was identified as the most reliable predictor, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.66.
Conclusions
The results of this study clarified the temporal dynamics of soil macropore properties and hydraulic conductivity in the dry-hot valley region. We found that dry‒wet cycling alone had little impact on cropland soil macropore characteristics and hydraulic conductivity, but it gradually reduced soil infiltration capacity after tillage-related disturbances. However, corn growth optimized soil macropore properties and enhanced hydraulic conductivity. Based on these results, we established a linear equation based on macroporosity and hydraulic radius to predict local soil hydraulic conductivity (R2 = 0.81).
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Availability of data and material
All of the data and materials used in the study are available on request from the corresponding author.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Yuan Xie and Jilun Yang for their assistance with the field experiments and Zhongbin Zhang for his help with image analysis. We also thank American Journal Experts (AJE) for English language editing.
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This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, grant number 2021YFB2600105, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 41807077.
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Investigation: Yi Wang and Longxi Cao; analysis work: Yongkang Li, Xiongsong Qin, and Dongdong Hou; writing original: Yi Wang; writing—editing: Longxi Cao; supervision: Yi Wang and Longxi Cao.
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Wang, Y., Li, Y., Cao, L. et al. Temporal variation in soil macropore properties and hydraulic conductivity in croplands in the dry-hot valley region of Southwest China. J Soils Sediments (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03742-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03742-9