Abstract
Purpose
Potassium (K) in soil minerals is an important factor affecting rice production in red paddy soil of subtropical China under intensive agricultural production. The long-term application of green manure might affect the soil K availability through accumulative effects of microbial activity on K-bearing minerals. This study aims to investigate the effect of green manure applications (GMs) on soil K availability in relation to soil minerals.
Materials and methods
The soil mineralogy under 36 years of GMs, including milk vetch application (MV), rape application (RA), and ryegrass application (RY), was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, with a winter fallow treatment (WF) as the control. Fast available K (FAK), non-exchangeable K (NEK), and structural K (SK) were extracted with NH4OAc, HNO3, and HF-HClO4 solution, respectively. All the extracted K was determined by flame photometry. The K release or retention was measured by a new method of potassium Q/I curve.
Results and discussion
The GMs significantly decreased the SK, which was associated with weakened diffraction intensity of feldspar and mica. However, the NEK under GMs increased from 90.9 to 100.1–104.8 mg kg−1 compared with that under WF, which was in line with the higher content of illite under GMs. The soil clays contained much kaolinite and illite, leading to easy leaching of K. The GMs obviously improved K retention in the soil, especially the MV and RY, which could be ascribed to the large amounts of illite with poorly crystallized structure under GMs.
Conclusions
Long-term GMs, especially MV and RY, can improve the availability of SK and K retention capacity in the soil in relation to soil mineralogy, and thus can be an effective alternative to enhance soil K availability in red paddy soil.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abaslou H, Abtahi A (2008) Potassium quantity-intensity parameters and its correlation with selected soil properties in some soils of Iran. J Appl Sci 8:1875–1882
Askegaard M, Eriksen J (2008) Residual effect and leaching of N and K in cropping systems with clover and ryegrass catch crops on acoarse sand. Agric Ecosyst Environ 123:99–108
Barré P, Velde B, Fontaine C, Catel N, Abbadie L (2008) Which 2:1 clay minerals are involved in the soil potassium reservoir? Insights from potassium addition or removal experiments on three temperate grassland soil clay assemblages. Geoderma 146:216–223
Basak B, Sarkar B, Biswas DR, Sarkar S, Sanderson P, Naidu R (2017) Bio-Intervention of naturally occurring silicate minerals for alternative source of potassium. Adv Agron 141:115–145
Bhattacharya S, Bachani P, Jain D, Patidar SK, Mishra S (2016) Extraction of potassium from K-feldspar through potassium solubilization in the halophilic Acinetobacter soli (MTCC 5918) isolated from the experimental salt farm. Int J Miner Process 152:53–57
Binner I, Dultz S, Schellhorn M, Schenk MK (2017) Potassium adsorption and release properties of clays in peat-based horticultural substrates for increasing the cultivation safety of plants. Appl Clay Sci 145:28–36
Gao SJ, Xu MG, Dong CH, Huang J, Cao WD, Zeng XB, Wen SL, Nie J (2013) Effects of long-term rice-rice-green manure cropping rotation on rice yield and soil fertility. Acta Agron Sin 39:343–349 (in Chinese)
Gao SJ, Cao WD, Gao JS, Huang J, Bai JS, Zeng NH, Chang DN, Shimizu K (2017) Effects of long-term application of different green manures on ferric iron reduction in a red paddy soil in Southern China. J Intergr Agr 16:959–966
Hosseinpur AR, Motaghian HR, Salehi MH (2012) Potassium release kinetics and its correlation with pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plant indices. Plant Soil Environ 58:328–333
Hu PW, Yang HM (2013) Insight into the physicochemical aspects of kaolins with different morphologies. Appl Clay Sci 74:58–65
Idigbor CM, Asawalam DO, Onweremadu EU, Ndukwu BN (2009) Potassium quantity-intensity relationship of fauna modified soils of Abia State. Int J Sustain Agric 1:49–52
Islam A, Karim S, Solaiman ARM, Islam MS, Saleque MA (2017) Eight-year long potassium fertilization effects on quantity/intensity relationship of soil potassium under double rice cropping. Soil Tillage Res 169:99–117
Nakao A, Thiry Y, Funakawa S, Kosaki T (2008) Characterization of the frayed edge site of micaceous minerals in soil clays influenced by different pedogenetic conditions in Japan and northern Thailand. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 54:479–489
Panda R, Patra SK (2018) Quantity-intensity relations of potassium in representative coastal soils of eastern India. Geoderma 332:198–206
Saleque MA, Anisuzzaman M, Moslehuddin AZM (2009) Quantity-intensity relationships and potassium buffering capacity of four Ganges river floodplain soils. Commun Soil Sci Plan 40:1333–1349
Santoyo G, Moreno-Hagelsieb G, Orozco-Mosqueda MC, Glick BR (2016) Plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes. Microbiol Res 183:92–99
Simonsson M, Hiller S, Oborn I (2009) Changes in clay minerals and potassium fixation capacity as a result of release and fixation of potassium in long-term field experiments. Geoderma 151:109–120
Urkurkar JS, Tiwari A, Chitale S, Bajpai RK (2010) Influence of long-term use of inorganic and organic manures on soil fertility and sustainable productivity of rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Inceptisols. Indian J Agric Sci 80:208–212
Uroz S, Calvaruso C, Turpault MP, Pierrat JC, Mustin C, Freyklett P (2007) Effect of the mycorrhizosphere on the genotypic and metabolic diversity of the bacterial communities involved in mineral weathering in a forest soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:3019–3027
Wang ZB, Wang QY (2013) Cultivating erect milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.) (Leguminosae) improved soil properties in loess hilly and gullies in China. J Integr Agric 12:1652–1658
Wang HY, Shen QH, Zhou JM, Wang J, Du CW, Chen XQ (2011) Plants use alternative strategies to utilize nonexchangeable potassium in minerals. Plant Soil 343:209–220
Witter E, Johansson G (2001) Potassium uptake from the subsoil by green manure crops. Biol Agric Hortic 19:127–141
Zhang FS, Niu JF, Zhang WF, Chen XP, Li CJ, Yuan L, Xie C (2010) Potassium nutrition of crops under varied regimes of nitrogen supply. Plant Soil 335:21–34
Zhang XX, Gao JS, Cao YH, Ma XT, He JZ (2013) Long-term rice and green manure rotation alters the endophytic bacterial communities of the rice root. Microb Ecol 66:917–926
Zhang XX, Zhang RJ, Gao JS, Wang XC, Fan FL, Ma XT, Yin HQ, Zhang CW, Feng K, Deng Y (2017) Thirty-one years of rice-rice-green manure rotations shape the rhizosphere microbial community and enrich beneficial bacteria. Soil Biol Biochem 104:208–217
Zörb C, Senbayram M, Peiter E (2014) Potassium in agriculture-status and perspectives. J Plant Physiol 171:656–669
Funding
This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300907); the China Agriculture Research System-Green Manure (CARS-22); and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300902).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wen, Y., You, J., Zhu, J. et al. Long-term green manure application improves soil K availability in red paddy soil of subtropical China. J Soils Sediments 21, 63–72 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02768-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02768-z