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Effect of 17 years of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications on soil phosphorus dynamics in a rice–wheat rotation cropping system in eastern China

  • Soils, Sec 1 • Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling • Research Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Fertilizer application can influence soil phosphorous (P) availability to crops. However, information is limited on the soil P transformation induced by application of fertilizer P in eastern China where most soils are inherently low in plant available P. The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of various combinations of composted pig manure, rice straw, and inorganic fertilizers on the soil P pools, the subsequent P uptake by crops, and potential environmental effects.

Materials and methods

A long-term fertilizer field trial was established on a silty clay loam in east China since 1996. The trial had six treatments: no fertilizer application, combination of inorganic fertilizers and rice straw, combination of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure, inorganic fertilizers only, rice straw only, and organic manure only. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from each plot at the trial site in May 2013. Soil was analyzed for pH, organic matter, Olsen P, and Mehlich 3 P (M3 P). Hedley’s fractionation method was applied for P fractionation, and a soil P mass balance was evaluated.

Results and discussion

The accumulation of total soil P (TP), Olsen P, and M3 P was most pronounced (p < 0.05) when inorganic fertilizer P was applied in combination with manure, while the use of straw instead of manure did not lead to such an increase. Recovery by plant biomass as a percentage of applied P was greater in plots with inorganic P fertilizer than plots treated with manure alone. Based on the results of P fractionation, residual fertilizer P accumulated mostly as moderately labile and sparingly labile forms of P, irrespective of the type of fertilizer P applied. Application of organic manure apparently prevented the conversion of applied fertilizer P into recalcitrant P forms and resulted in relatively larger proportions of available P.

Conclusions

From both agronomic and environmental perspectives, combined application of inorganic fertilizer P and organic manure is a promising agronomic strategy for increasing soil P availability and reducing P loss from the rice–wheat rotation system.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the Public Good Science Funding of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology (2011C32025) and Zhejiang A & F University Research and Development Fund (2010FR097).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China

    Xiali Mao, Kouping Lu, Lizhi He, Zhaoliang Song & Hailong Wang

  2. Jixian College, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China

    Xiaoli Xu

  3. Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand

    Gerty Gielen

  4. AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand

    Jiafa Luo & Andrea Donnison

  5. The General Station of Plant Protection, Soils and Fertilizers, Hangzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310020, China

    Zuxiang Xu & Wenye Yang

  6. Zhejiang Provincial Crop Farming Administration Bureau, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310020, China

    Jin Xu

Authors
  1. Xiali Mao
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  2. Xiaoli Xu
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  3. Kouping Lu
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  8. Zuxiang Xu
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  9. Jin Xu
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  10. Wenye Yang
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  11. Zhaoliang Song
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Kouping Lu or Hailong Wang.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Caixian Tang

Xiali Mao and Xiaoli Xu contributed to the work equally and should be considered co-first authors.

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Mao, X., Xu, X., Lu, K. et al. Effect of 17 years of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications on soil phosphorus dynamics in a rice–wheat rotation cropping system in eastern China. J Soils Sediments 15, 1889–1899 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1137-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1137-z

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