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Moderate and intense exercise lifestyles attenuate the effects of aging on telomere length and the survival and composition of T cell subpopulations

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Abstract

Studies indicate that exercise might delay human biological aging, but the effects of long-term exercise on T cell function are not well known. We tested the hypothesis that moderate or intense exercise lifestyle may attenuate the effects of aging on the telomere length and the survival and composition of T cell subpopulations. Elderly (65–85 years) with intense training lifestyle (IT, n = 15), moderate training lifestyle (MT, n = 16), and who never trained (NT, n = 15) were studied. Although the three groups presented the age-associated contraction of the TCD4+/TCD8+ naïve compartments and expansion of the memory compartments, both training modalities were associated with lower proportion of terminally differentiated (CD45RA+CCR7neg) TCD4+ and TCD8+ cells, although among the latter cells, the reduction reached statistical significance only with IT. MT was associated with higher proportion of central memory TCD4+ cells, while IT was associated with higher proportion of effector memory TCD8+ cells. However, both training lifestyles were unable to modify the proportion of senescent (CD28neg) TCD8+ cells. Telomeres were longer in T cells in both training groups; with IT, telomere length increased mainly in TCD8+ cells, whereas with MT, a modest increase in telomere length was observed in both TCD8+ and TCD4+ cells. Reduced commitment to apoptosis of resting T cells, as assessed by caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression, was seen predominantly with IT. Measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)’s supernatants did not show chronic low-grade inflammation in any of the groups. In conclusion, MT and IT lifestyles attenuated some of the effects of aging on the immune system.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (#2011/08817-0 [GB] and #2011/18268-4 [LCRS]), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (#14952/13-0 [ALA]), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (LEGL and GB). We thank Magali Ruivo from the Cotia’s county program “Saber Viver” and Edgar dos Santos from Corpore Brasil for helping with recruitment of the participants. We thank Celso R. F. Carvalho for his critical advice, Juliana Pereira for kind donation of the 1301 cell line, and the participants for their kindness and cooperation.

Author contributions

Léia CR Silva, Adriana L de Araújo, and Juliana R Fernandes contributed to the recruitment of the participants, questionnaire application, blood sampling, and processing of the data. Manuella ST Matias and Luiz EG Leme contributed with the recruitment and clinical evaluation of the participants. Paulo Roberto Silva was responsible for the physical evaluation of the participants and for the treadmill VO2 max consumption test. Gil Benard and Luiz EG Leme designed and coordinated the study. Gil Benard, Luiz EG Leme, Léia CR Silva, and Adriana L de Araújo wrote the paper.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Dermatology Division, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

      Léia Cristina Rodrigues Silva, Adriana Ladeira de Araújo, Juliana Ruiz Fernandes, Alberto J. S. Duarte & Gil Benard

    2. Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

      Manuella de Sousa Toledo Matias & Luiz Eugênio Garcez Leme

    3. Laboratory of Movement Studies, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

      Paulo Roberto Silva

    4. Medical Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

      Gil Benard

    5. R. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, CEP 05403-903, Brazil

      Gil Benard

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    1. Léia Cristina Rodrigues Silva
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    Léia Cristina Rodrigues Silva and Adriana Ladeira de Araújo contributed equally to this work.

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    Silva, L.C.R., de Araújo, A.L., Fernandes, J.R. et al. Moderate and intense exercise lifestyles attenuate the effects of aging on telomere length and the survival and composition of T cell subpopulations. AGE 38, 24 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-016-9879-0

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