Abstract
The botanical insecticide market is growing because of limitations placed on the use of certain synthetic chemical insecticides. In this sense, the lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperius (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is the main poultry pest. The insect causes weight loss and damage to the digestive system of poultry, and it is a vector and reservoir of pathogens. Consequently, this study explored the following hypotheses: (i) essential oils (EOs) derived from Mentha spp. are toxic to A. diaperius; (ii) these EOs are compatible with Beauveria bassiana, the natural enemy of the poultry pest, that parasite A. diaperinus; (iii) these EOs also exhibit activity against bacteria that are pathogenic to poultry. In topical applications and ingestion tests, EOs from Mentha arvensis, Mentha spicata, and Mentha piperita were toxic to A. diaperinus. Chromatographic analyses revealed that menthol is the predominant compound in M. arvensis and M. piperita, whereas carvone is the major compound in M. spicata. Both (−)- and (+)-menthol, along with (−)- and (+)-carvone, underwent testing with A. diaperinus. Nevertheless, their activity was not as potent as those of the EOs, suggesting a possible synergistic and/or additive effect. The EOs did not have any adverse effects on the conidial germination, vegetative growth, or conidia production per colony of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana. Consequently, these EOs are compatible with this natural enemy. The EO extracted from M. spicata exhibited significant toxicity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), whereas the remaining EOs displayed moderate toxicity against this bacterium. The EOs derived from Mentha spp., as assessed in this study, hold promise for the development of botanical insecticides tailored for the control of A. diaperinus. These insecticides are selective in favor of the natural enemy B. bassiana and can also serve as effective sanitizers, thanks to their antibacterial properties.
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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author (DAS), upon request.
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This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Brasil (CNPq, the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES), the Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Estado do Paraná (FA) and Secretaria de Estado da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior do Paraná (SETI).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by SG, KP, JR, DMB, GTSS, MSO, and GHS. Supervision was conducted by DGPO, FGSP, GHS, LFAA, GAC, DFO, and DSA. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SG and DSA, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Gebauer, S., Pompermayer, K., de Oliveira, D.G.P. et al. Mentha spp. essential oils: toxicity to Alphitobius diaperinus, activity against poultry pathogenic bacteria, and Beauveria bassiana compatibility. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33484-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33484-7