Abstract
Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is an applicable material that can be modified in various ways. Modifications using natural extracts fulfill the principles of “green chemistry.” The preparation of butterfly pea flower extract (BPE)-modified NiAl LDH was completed using the calcination and restacking method. The characteristics of the prepared composites were identified through analysis of functional groups, crystal phase, bandgap energy, surface area and surface morphology. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) characterization revealed that the active group of the catalyst is -OH except for NiAl layered double oxide (LDO), which has the metal oxide-like functional groups. X-ray diffraction patterns expressed a typical layered material structure of NiAl LDH dan NiAl LDH-BPE, but not for NiAl LDO and NiAl LDO-BPE. Introducing BPE into NiAl LDH and NiAl LDO effectively decreased the bandgap energy and changed the surface morphology. The prepared catalysts were applied in a batch system with pH 5 to degrade tetracycline (TC). NiAl LDO demonstrated the highest activity as a catalyst in TC degradation, with a 93.61% degradation rate. In contrast, NiAl LDO-BPE demonstrated the highest structural stability in TC degradation and repeated use, with an initial degradation percentage of 82.58% and a fifth regeneration percentage of 71.4%.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Complexes Universitas Sriwijaya for the chemicals, laboratory equipment, and characterization. The authors also thank the Integrated Laboratory of UIN Raden Fatah Palembang for instrumental analysis.
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N.A.: writing-review and editing, software
Z.Z.: investigation, formal analysis, visualization
D.S.: investigation, visualization, data curation
D.E.: formal analysis, validation, software
R.M.: methodology, validation, software
A.L.: conceptualization, methodology, writing-review and editing, supervision
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Rohmatullaili, R., Ahmad, N., Zultriana, Z. et al. High stability and selectivity of butterfly pea flower extract-NiAl LDH-based catalysts in the tetracycline degradation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 33107–33119 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33445-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33445-0