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Remediation of diesel contaminated soil by using activated persulfate with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles: effect and mechanisms

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Abstract

In this study, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) were assessed for their ability to enhance the activity of persulfate (PS). Various controlling factors including PS dosages, initial pH, water-soil ratio, ratio of Fe2+, and Fe3O4 MNPs to PS were considered in both the Fe2+/PS system and the Fe3O4 MNPs/PS system. Results showed that the Fe3O4 MNP–activated PS system exhibited high processing efficiency owing to the gradual release of Fe2+. This process occurred in a wide pH range (5–11), attributed to the synergistic action of sulfate radicals (SO4−·) and hydroxyl radicals (OH·) under alkaline conditions, effectively mitigating soil acidification. The ratio of Fe3O4 MNPs to PS and water-soil ratio significantly influenced the degradation rate with the highest petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rate exceeding 80% (82.31%). This rate was 3.1% higher than that achieved by the Fe2+/PS system under specific conditions: PS dosage of 0.05 mol/L, Fe3O4 MNPs to PS ratio of 1:10, water-soil ratio of 2:1, and initial pH of 11. Meanwhile, oxidant consumption in the Fe3O4 MNPs/PS system was halved compared to the Fe2+/PS system due to the slow release of Fe2+ and less ineffective consumption of SO4−·. Mechanistically, the possible degradation process was divided into three parts: the initial chain reaction, the proliferating chain reaction, and the terminating chain reaction. The introduction of Fe3O4 MNPs accelerated the degradation rate of pentadecane, heneicosane, eicosane, tritetracontane, and 9-methylnonadecane.

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Funding

This study was supported by the Opening Project (YQKF202209) of Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People’s Republic of China

    Yong-Tao Li, Qin Sui, Xi Li, Xin-Yue Liu, Hao Liu & Yu-Qin Wang

  2. Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People’s Republic of China

    Yong-Tao Li

  3. Zhejiang Zhenergy Wenzhou Liquefied Natural Gas Co., Ltd, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China

    Wan-Ying Du

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  1. Yong-Tao Li
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Draft conceptualization and funding acquisition were performed by Yong-Tao Li. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Qin Sui. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Xi Li, Xin-Yue Liu, Hao Liu, Yu-Qin Wang, and Wan-Ying Du and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript

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Li, YT., Sui, Q., Li, X. et al. Remediation of diesel contaminated soil by using activated persulfate with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles: effect and mechanisms. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33408-5

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