Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that can be produced from natural source pigments or natural dyes. The selection of natural dyes for DSSC application is currently under research. The utilization of natural dye materials that are easy to obtain, cost-effective, and non-toxic can reduce waste during DSSC fabrication. Natural dyes can be extracted from plants through extraction and chromatography methods. The suitability and viability of utilizing natural dyes as photosensitizers in DSSCs can be predicted using appropriate software simulation by varying related parameters to produce high power conversion efficiency. In this context, the purpose of the review is to highlight the evolution of performance improvement in the development of DSSCs with consideration of natural dye extraction and software simulation. This review also focuses on the results of extracting natural dyes from herbal ingredients, which are still very limited in information, and several parts of herbal plants that can be used as natural dye sources in the future of solid-state DSSCs have been identified. Based on the results of this review, the highest efficiency was obtained for the DSSC that used chlorophyll pigments as natural dyes using Peltophorum pterocarpum leaves with 6.07%, followed by anthocyanin pigments as natural dyes using raspberries (black) fruits with 1.5%, flavonoid pigments as natural dyes using Curcuma longa herbs with 0.64%, and flavonoid pigments as natural dyes using Indigofera tinctoria flowers with 0.46%.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Pamulang University for their motivation and support.
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AT performed the writing (original draft), data curation, and visualization. NA performed the writing (original draft), commenting, editing the draft, and supervision. HS performed the writing (original draft), commenting, editing the draft, and supervision. JS performed the writing (original draft), commenting, editing the draft, and supervision. NIY performed the writing—original and editing of the draft.
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Highlights
• Natural dye is a natural material used for DSSC solar cell fabrication.
• Natural dye can be obtained from the natural surroundings including from leaves, flowers, fruit, and tree bark.
• Achievement of the maximum efficiency value of DSSC solar cells is influenced by the dye material used in the fabrication process.
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Triyanto, A., Ali, N., Salleh, H. et al. Development of natural dye photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 31679–31690 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33360-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33360-4