Elevated atmospheric CO2 combined with Epichloë endophyte may improve growth and Cd phytoremediation potential of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.)

Zamani, Narges; Sabzalian, Mohammad R.; Afyuni, Majid

doi:10.1007/s11356-023-31496-3

Elevated atmospheric CO₂ combined with Epichloë endophyte may improve growth and Cd phytoremediation potential of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.)

Research Article
Published: 04 January 2024

Volume 31, pages 8164–8185, (2024)
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Abstract

Complex environmental conditions like heavy metal contamination and elevated CO₂ concentration may cause numerous plant stresses and lead to considerable crop losses worldwide. Cadmium is a non-essential element and potentially highly toxic soil metal pollution, causing oxidative stress in plants and human toxicity. In order to assess a combination of complex factors on the responses of two genotypes of Festuca arundinacea (75B and 75C), a greenhouse experiment was conducted on plants grown in two Cd-contaminated soil conditions and two soil textures under combined effects of elevated ambient CO₂ (700 ppm) and Epichloë endophyte infection. Plant biomass, Cd, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations in the plant shoots and roots, Fv/Fm, chlorophyll (a & b), and carotenoid contents were measured after 7 months of growth in pots. Our results showed that endophyte-infected plants (E+) grown in elevated CO₂ atmosphere (CO₂+), clay-loam soil texture (H) with no Cd amendment (Cd−) in the genotype 75B had significantly greater shoot and root biomass than non-infected plants (E−) grown in ambient CO₂ concentration (CO₂−), sandy-loam soil texture (L) with amended Cd (Cd+) in the genotype 75C. Increased CO₂ concentration and endophyte infection, especially in the genotype 75B, enabled Festuca for greater phytoremediation of Cd because of higher tolerance to Cd stress and higher biomass accumulation in the plant genotype. However, CO₂ enrichment negatively influenced the plant mineral absorption due to the inhibitory effects of high Cd concentration in shoots and roots. It is concluded that Cd phytoremediation can be positively affected by the increased atmospheric CO₂ concentration, tolerant plant genotype, heavy soil texture, and Epichloë endophyte. Using Taguchi and AIC design methodologies, it was also predicted that the most critical factors affecting Cd phytoremediation potential were CO₂ concentration and plant genotype.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

AIC:: Akaike information criterion
Gen:: Genotype
STex:: Soil texture
E:: Endophyte
SDW:: Shoot dry weight
RDW:: Root dry weight
S_CdC:: Shoot Cd concentration
R_CdC:: Root Cd concentration
TI:: Transport index
Chl:: Chlorophyll
CarC:: Carotenoid concentration
S_CuC:: Shoot Cu concentration
R_CuC:: Root Cu concentration
S_MnC:: Shoot Mn concentration
R_MnC:: Root Mn concentration
S_ZnC:: Shoot Zn concentration
R_ZnC:: Soot Zn concentration
S_FeC:: Shoot Fe concentration
R_FeC:: Root Fe concentration
SAW:: Soil available water

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Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156 83111, Iran
Narges Zamani & Majid Afyuni
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156 83111, Iran
Mohammad R. Sabzalian

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NZ and MR.S conceived the study and also performed the analyses. MR.S and MA supervised the study and led the writing process, and NZ contributed to data collection. All authors were involved in the writing of the paper.

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Zamani, N., Sabzalian, M.R. & Afyuni, M. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ combined with Epichloë endophyte may improve growth and Cd phytoremediation potential of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 8164–8185 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31496-3

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Received: 18 January 2023
Accepted: 07 December 2023
Published: 04 January 2024
Issue Date: January 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31496-3

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Elevated atmospheric CO₂ combined with Epichloë endophyte may improve growth and Cd phytoremediation potential of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.)

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Impacts of simulated atmospheric cadmium deposition on the physiological response and cadmium accumulation of Sedum plumbizincicola

Impact of soil treatment with Nitrilo Triacetic Acid (NTA) on Cd fractionation and microbial biomass in cultivated and uncultivated calcareous soil

Effects of CO2 application and endophytic bacterial inoculation on morphological properties, photosynthetic characteristics and cadmium uptake of two ecotypes of Sedum alfredii Hance

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Elevated atmospheric CO2 combined with Epichloë endophyte may improve growth and Cd phytoremediation potential of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.)

Abstract

Access this article

Similar content being viewed by others

Impacts of simulated atmospheric cadmium deposition on the physiological response and cadmium accumulation of Sedum plumbizincicola

Impact of soil treatment with Nitrilo Triacetic Acid (NTA) on Cd fractionation and microbial biomass in cultivated and uncultivated calcareous soil

Effects of CO2 application and endophytic bacterial inoculation on morphological properties, photosynthetic characteristics and cadmium uptake of two ecotypes of Sedum alfredii Hance

Data availability

Abbreviations

References

Funding

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Contributions

Corresponding author

Ethics declarations

Consent for publication

Competing interests

Research involving human participants and/or animals

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Supplementary Information

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 58 KB)

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About this article

Cite this article

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Elevated atmospheric CO₂ combined with Epichloë endophyte may improve growth and Cd phytoremediation potential of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.)