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Environmental effects from petroleum product transportation spillage in Nigeria: a critical review

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Abstract

Nigeria has struggled to meet sustainable development goals (SDGs) on environmental sustainability, transportation, and petroleum product distribution for decades, endangering human and ecological health. Petroleum product spills contaminate soil, water, and air, harming humans, aquatic life, and biodiversity. The oil and gas industry contributes to environmental sustainability and scientific and technological advancement through its supply chain activities in the transport and logistics sectors. This paper reviewed the effects of petroleum product transportation at three accident hotspots on Nigeria highway, where traffic and accident records are alarming due to the road axis connecting the southern and northern regions of the country. The preliminary data was statistically analysed to optimise the review process and reduce risk factors through ongoing data monitoring. Studies on Nigeria’s petroleum product transportation spills and environmental impacts between the years 2013 and 2023 were critically analysed to generate updated information. The searches include Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Five hundred and forty peer-reviewed studies were analysed, and recommendations were established through the conclusions. The findings show that petroleum product transport causes heavy metal deposition in the environment as heavy metals damage aquatic life and build up in the food chain, posing a health risk to humans. The study revealed that petroleum product spills have far-reaching environmental repercussions and, therefore, recommended that petroleum product spills must be mitigated immediately. Furthermore, the study revealed that better spill response and stricter legislation are needed to reduce spills, while remediation is necessary to lessen the effects of spills on environmental and human health.

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Acknowledgements

The author, Ikenna Ignatius George, is very grateful to the Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology (NITT), Zaria, for providing the scholarship that allowed him to conduct this study.

Funding

The authors received financial support from the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia, under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), and the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia under UTM Fundamental Research (UTMFR); no.: Q.J130000.2451.08G93.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Petroleum Engineering (FKT), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM JB, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Ikenna Ignatius George & Zaidi Jafaar Mohd

  2. Transport Technology Center, Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, NITT, P. M. B. 1147, Kaduna State, Zaria, Nigeria

    Ikenna Ignatius George

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, (FKT), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM JB, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Mohd Ghazali Mohd Nawawi

  4. Office of the Director General Chief Executive, Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, NITT, P. M. B. 1147, Kaduna State, Zaria, Nigeria

    Bayero Salih Farah

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  1. Ikenna Ignatius George
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  2. Mohd Ghazali Mohd Nawawi
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  3. Zaidi Jafaar Mohd
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  4. Bayero Salih Farah
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Contributions

Conceptualization: IIG; methodology: IIG; formal analysis: IIG, MZJ, and MGMN; investigation: IIG; resources: BSF and MZJ; data curation: IIG and MZJ; writing—original draft preparation: IIG, MZJ, and MGMN; writing—review and editing: IIG, MZJ, and MGMN; funding acquisition: BSF.

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Correspondence to Ikenna Ignatius George.

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George, I.I., Nawawi, M.G.M., Mohd, Z.J. et al. Environmental effects from petroleum product transportation spillage in Nigeria: a critical review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 1719–1747 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31117-z

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