Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A bis (allyl ether) (TBBPA-BAE) is an extensively used brominated flame retardant, which has raised considerable concern because of its neurotoxic and endocrine disruption effects on aquatic organisms. However, previous studies mainly focused on the parent compound before modification, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and little information is available about the bioconcentration and biotransformation of TBBPA derivatives in fish. In this study, we investigated the tissue-specific uptake, elimination kinetic, and biotransformation of TBBPA-BAE in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fish were exposed to TBBPA-BAE at environmentally relevant concentrations (20 μg·L−1) for 28 days, followed by 14 days of depuration. The results showed TBBPA-BAE could rapidly accumulate in common carp. Among the seven tissues studied, the highest concentrations of TBBPA-BAE were observed in the liver (6.00 μg·g−1 wet weight [ww]) on day 24, while the longest residence time was observed in the kidney (t1/2 values of 18.7 days). Biotransformation of TBBPA-BAE was documented in the in vivo experiments, and 14 different phase I and phase II metabolites were identified in the liver. These findings suggest the biotransformation products of TBBPA-BAE should be considered for a comprehensive risk evaluation.
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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22136007, 22176025).
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Jia Zhao: methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft. Hongxia Zhao: conceptualization, resources, supervision, funding acquisition. Zhihui Zhong: investigation. Tadiyose Girma Bekele: validation, writing—review and editing. Huihui Wan: methodology, formal analysis. Yuming Sun: methodology, formal analysis. Xintong Li: writing—review and editing. Xiaonuo Zhang: writing—review and editing. Zhansheng Li: writing—review and editing.
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Highlights
• Studies on bioaccumulation and biotransformation of TBBPA-BAE on aquatic organisms are limited.
• TBBPA-BAE tends to accumulate in the liver and kidney of common carp.
• TBBPA-BAE exhibited a low bioaccumulation potential in common carp.
• TBBPA-BAE can produce various metabolites in the liver by debromination, dehydration, ether cleavage (phase I), and sulfation (phase II).
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Zhao, J., Zhao, H., Zhong, Z. et al. The bioaccumulation and biotransformation of tetrabromobisphenol A bis (allyl ether) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 121465–121474 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30846-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30846-5