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Organic amendments perform better than inorganic amendments in reducing the absorption and accumulation of cadmium in lettuce

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Abstract

The main purpose of applying organic or inorganic amendments is to guarantee crop safe production in heavy metal contaminated soil. However, previous studies showed that the effects of organic or inorganic composite amendments on the cadmium (Cd) concentration of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. ramosa Hort) were inconsistent. Accordingly, a sixty-day pot experiment was carried out to examine the impacts of the inorganic materials (lime, L and zeolite, Z), organic materials (biochar, B and compost, C), and their combination on the immobilization of Cd in soil and its uptake by lettuce. The objective was to identify the most suitable soil amendment combination that promotes safe lettuce production. The results revealed that the combined application of BC, LZC, and LBC significantly increased the plant height by 11.09–28.04% and fresh weight by 183.47–207.67%. This improvement can be attributed to enhanced soil quality, such as increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 70.19–80.42%, soil respiration (SR) by 29.04–38.46%, and soil microbial carbon content (SMC) by 36.94–46.63%. Compared to inorganic fertilizers and their combination with organic amendments, organic amendments had a significant impact on reducing shoot Cd concentration by 33.93%-56.55%, while increasing the activity of catalase by 138.87–186.86%. And soil available Cd measured by diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT-Cd) decreased 24.73–88.13% in all treatments. Correlation analysis showed that plant Cd concentration was significantly correlated with soil pH, SR, cation exchange capacity (CEC), DOC and SMC. These results demonstrated that organic amendments, especially the combination of biochar and compost, have greater potential than inorganic amendments and inorganic–organic combinations for realizing safe production of lettuce and improving soil quality in the Cd moderately contaminated acid farmland.

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All data used or analysed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province (2021C04020), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42277002) and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. LZ22D010002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Jie Yuan, Qizhen Liu, Zhiqin Chen, Zheyu Wen, Yaru Liu, Lukuan Huang & Ying Feng

  2. Livestock industrial development Center of Shengzhou, Zhejiang, 312400, China

    Chao Yu

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  1. Jie Yuan
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Contributions

Jie Yuan: Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft. Qizhen Liu: Conceptualization, Methodology, editing. Zhiqin Chen: Writing – review & editing. Zheyu Wen: Software, Formal analysis. Yaru Liu: Software, Formal analysis. Lukang Huang: Visualization, Investigation. Chao Yu: Visualization, Editing. Ying Feng: Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing.

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Yuan, J., Liu, Q., Chen, Z. et al. Organic amendments perform better than inorganic amendments in reducing the absorption and accumulation of cadmium in lettuce. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 117277–117287 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30449-0

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