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Synthesis and characterization of peanut hull modified chitosan beads

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Abstract

The incorporation of plant materials is an effective method to improve the stability of chitosan beads, as it further increases the adsorption of toxic dyes and metals from aqueous systems. In the present study, chitosan gels were impregnated with a novel type of powder as the groundnut hull powder in order to form composite beads by using a simple droplet-based microfluidic system. The beads were then characterised through various techniques such as SEM, TGA, FTIR, and XRD. Microscopic imaging revealed a change in the surface morphology of the composite beads, which became rough and wrinkled with more valley-like features and irregular cracks. FTIR data suggest that the impregnation of groundnut hull powder led to an increase in functional groups. The thermal analysis allowed for the assessment of composite bead hydration contents and indicated the presence of groundnut hull entrapped in the loaded beads, which was corroborated by vibrational spectroscopy. XRD analysis allows us to conclude that there is an involvement of groundnut hull in the chitosan gels, and the consequence of that is the formation of amorphous beads, which would make them suitable for the adsorption of toxic dyes and metals from water systems.

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Acknowledgements

The author Abdullah Alodhayb acknowledges Researchers Supporting Project number RSP2023R304, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India

    Joydeep Dutta, Asma Ashraf & Sumedha Mehmi

  2. Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India

    Anupam Kumar

  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah Alodhayb

  4. Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 654 04, Kavala, Greece

    George Z Kyzas

Authors
  1. Joydeep Dutta
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  2. Asma Ashraf
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  3. Sumedha Mehmi
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  4. Anupam Kumar
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  5. Abdullah Alodhayb
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  6. George Z Kyzas
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The authors indicated in parentheses made substantial contributions to the following tasks of research: conceptualization (Joydeep Dutta, Asma Ashraf, Sumedha Mehmi, Anupam Kumar, Abdullah Alodhayb, and George Z Kyzas); writing—original draft, writing—revised, investigation, and methodology (Joydeep Dutta, Asma Ashraf, Sumedha Mehmi, Anupam Kumar, Abdullah Alodhayb, and George Z Kyzas); supervision (Joydeep Dutta). All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Joydeep Dutta.

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Dutta, ., Ashraf, A., Mehmi, S. et al. Synthesis and characterization of peanut hull modified chitosan beads. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 90721–90729 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28787-0

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