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Characterization and assessment of hydrological droughts using GloFAS streamflow data for the Narmada River Basin, India

  • Resilient and Sustainable Water Management in Agriculture
  • Published:
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Abstract

Hydrological droughts severely affect the demand of water for domestic water supply, irrigation, hydropower generation, and several other purposes. The pervasiveness and consequences of hydrological droughts necessitate a thorough investigation of their characteristics, which is hindered due to unavailability of continuous streamflow records at desirable resolutions. This study aims to assess the hydrological drought characteristics and their spatial distribution using high-resolution Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) v3.1 streamflow data for the period 1980 to 2020. Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) was used to characterize droughts at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-monthly timescales starting from June, i.e., the start of water year in India. GloFAS is found to capture the spatial distribution of streamflow and its seasonal characteristics. The number of hydrological drought years over the basin varied from 5 to 11 during the study duration, implying that the basin is prone to frequent abnormal water deficits. Interestingly, the hydrological droughts are more frequent in the eastern portion of the basin, i.e., the Upper Narmada Basin. The trend analysis of multi-scalar SDI series using non-parametric Spearman’s Rho test exhibited increasing drying trends in the easternmost portions. The results were not similar for the middle and western portions of the basin, which may be due to presence of a large number of reservoirs in these regions and their systematic operations. This study highlights the importance of open-access global products that can be used for monitoring hydrological droughts, especially over ungauged catchments.

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(Source: https://www.globalfloods.eu/)

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Data availability

The present study has used the recent version of GloFAS, i.e., GloFAS v3.1 dataset, which is launched on May 26, 2021. This is a global dataset and is freely accessible at the following link. https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cems-glofas-historical?tab=overview

Code availability

The Python codes are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India

    Sabyasachi Swain, Surendra Kumar Mishra & Ashish Pandey

  2. Deltaic Regional Centre, National Institute of Hydrology, Kakinada, India

    Sabyasachi Swain

  3. Remote Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Prashant Kumar Srivastava

  4. University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA

    Saswata Nandi

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Contributions

Sabyasachi Swain: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, visualization, and writing (original draft); Surendra Kumar Mishra: supervision, and writing (review and editing); Ashish Pandey: supervision, and writing (review and editing); Prashant Kumar Srivastava: supervision, and writing (review and editing); Saswata Nandi: data curation, and writing (review and editing).

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Swain, S., Mishra, S.K., Pandey, A. et al. Characterization and assessment of hydrological droughts using GloFAS streamflow data for the Narmada River Basin, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27036-8

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