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Influence of interflow carbonate-clay association for groundwater fluoride contamination in eastern Deccan, central India

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Abstract

In central India, fluoride contamination in deeper basaltic aquifer is geogenic. This study demonstrates the source of fluorine enrichment in aquifer matrix and its release mechanism into groundwater. Magmatic-hydrothermal residual melt, i.e., albitic–calcic-amphibole–apatite-rich intrusive rock is the main source of fluorine enrichment. The association of this rock with interflow carbonate-clay assemblage played a significant role for fluoride contamination. Fluorine-enriched residual melt interacted with interflow carbonate-clay association, and this interaction metasomatized the carbonates and enhanced fluorine concentration in sediments. Bulk fluorine concentration of 988 ppm is measured in the soil developed over the association of intrusive rock and carbonate-clay assemblage. X-ray diffraction and electron-probe micro analysis confirmed the presence of fluorine-bearing and/or containing minerals, i.e., fluorite, fluorapatite, and palygorskite. The presence of bicarbonate and Na+ (from albitic feldspar) in alkaline water enhanced desorption of fluoride from clays, and dissociation from fluorapatite and fluorite from carbonate-clay assemblage, which released fluoride from aquifer matrix to groundwater. Clay horizon acts as an impervious cap on the deeper aquifer and increases the residence time of groundwater. In such favorable physico-chemical condition, fluoride released from aquifer matrix to groundwater and gradually increasing the degree of fluoride contamination.

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Acknowledgements

Geological Survey of India (GSI) (Ministry of Mines) is gratefully acknowledged for providing financial support, extending necessary facilities and permission through FSP Id.: M4ENV/NC/CR/SU-MP-JAB/2018/24881. The authors want to express sincere thanks to the Chemical Laboratory of Nagpur and Pune, Central Region, GSI for the analysis by XRF, ICP-MS, and ion selective electrode analysis; Mineral Physics Laboratory, Central Region, GSI for XRD analysis; EPMA Laboratory, GSI of Kolkata and Faridabad for EPMA study; and Stable Isotope Laboratory of IISER Kolkata for C-O isotope analysis. Authors acknowledge the Editor-in Chief, Editor and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive and valuable suggestion and review.

Funding

This research was funded as a part of field season programme 2019-20 of Geological Survey of India (Ministry of Mines) under FSP Id.: M4ENV/NC/CR/SU-MP-JAB/2018/24881.

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  1. Geological Survey of India, Jabalpur, 482 003, India

    Sayan Sinha, Suparna Jha & Suparna Hazra

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  1. Sayan Sinha
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Dr. Sayan Sinha (first author): conceptualized research, set methodology, fieldwork, performed experiment, data curation, investigated and analyzed data, software analyses, visualized edited and finalized manuscript; Dr. Suparna Jha (second and corresponding author): conceptualized research, set methodology, fieldwork, performed experiment, investigated and analyzed data, wrote original draft and finalized manuscript; and Dr. Suparna Hazra (third author): set methodology, investigated data, edited manuscript and supervised. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Sinha, S., Jha, S. & Hazra, S. Influence of interflow carbonate-clay association for groundwater fluoride contamination in eastern Deccan, central India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 56259–56272 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26392-9

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