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High-resolution mapping of the rainfall runoff pollution: case study of Shiwuli River watershed, China

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Abstract

Rainfall runoff is the key factor of water quality deterioration in highly urbanized area, which is characterized by intensive human activities and frequent extreme weather events. Urban landscape system is composed of highly diverse and heterogeneous land patches, which makes the effective management of urban runoff pollution difficult. Therefore, high-resolution land-use data is imperative for the identification and analysis of spatial–temporal characteristics of urban runoff pollution. In this study, Shiwuli River watershed, a rapidly urbanizing area in China, is selected as the study area. We first interpret nine kinds of land-use types with a high-resolution remote sensing data of 2 m \(\times\) 2 m. Then, a localized Soil Conservation Service model based on field observation and rainfall experiments is applied to map the spatial–temporal pattern of runoff pollution. The results indicate that the COD, NH3-N, TP, and TN load generated by the runoff in the watershed accounted for 23.4%, 3.7%, 8.2%, and 9.0% of the total pollution load in 2016, respectively. Furthermore, the spatial–temporal pattern of the assessed runoff pollution was mainly subject to the distribution of rainfall and land-use patterns. We suggest that the sponge city construction combined with surface pollution control is an effective way to reduce the runoff pollution. This study highlights the necessity to identify spatial–temporal hotspots in developing precise pollution control measures, which provides valuable information for pollution control policy-making in Shiwuli River watershed and could serve as a reference for other river watersheds undergoing rapid urbanization.

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Data availability

The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42171273, 41801212, 72004093).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Environmental Engineering and Technology Co., Ltd, Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210019, China

    Jiaying Ji

  2. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Jianqi Gao & Xin Liu

  3. School of Economics & Management, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China

    Lu Xing

  4. Lishui Institute of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 211200, China

    Xin Liu

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  1. Jiaying Ji
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  2. Jianqi Gao
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  4. Xin Liu
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Jiaying Ji, Jianqi Gao, and Xin Liu. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jiaying Ji, and Lu Xing and Xin Liu commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xin Liu.

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Ji, J., Gao, J., Xing, L. et al. High-resolution mapping of the rainfall runoff pollution: case study of Shiwuli River watershed, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 28935–28946 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24171-6

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