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A comparative study for the effect of different premixed charge ratios with conventional diesel engines on the performance, emissions, and vibrations of the engine block

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Abstract

Exploratory research of partially premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) in conjunction with direct fuel injection was done. A single-cylinder commercial diesel engine was used. In this work, the evaluation of the engine vibrations, pollution, efficiency, and combustion properties has been performed on a PCCI diesel-fueled engine. A part of the fuel was converted into vapor inside the intake manifold by using an innovative premixing chamber with an electronic fuel injector. At the same time, the main fuel quantity was injected directly inside the engine cylinder before the top dead center (TDC) to control the engine phasing. A unique approach based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the cylinder vibration data was applied for combustion vibrations and acoustic investigation. To further clarify their relationship, the influence of combustion characteristics on acoustic and vibrations metrics was investigated. The results demonstrate that combustion noise remains a crucial issue for adopting this novel combustion approach in the automotive industry. The studies revealed that partial premixing reduces nitrogen oxide (NOX) pollutants significantly. This is thought to be the outcome of the PCCI combustion, which occurs before the typical mixing controlled phase, lowering regional gas temperatures. The experiment findings also revealed that partial premixing has an intrinsic tradeoff between NOX emissions and inefficient combustion products (carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs)). It was also shown that incomplete combustion and non-optimized spontaneously igniting of the premixed charge resulted in a minor reduction in combustion efficiency (CE).

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Abbreviations

CCI:

Conventional compression-ignition

HCCI:

Homogeneous charge compression ignition

PCCI:

Premixed charge compression ignition

Dur PI (°CA):

Port injection opening period

Φpremix :

Premixed ratio

CO:

Carbon monoxide

BSFC:

Brake-specific fuel consumption

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

CE:

Combustion efficiency

NOX :

Nitrogen oxides

PM:

Particulate matter

TDC:

Top dead center

°CA:

Crank angle degree

CI:

Compression ignition

FFT:

Fast Fourier transform

STFT:

Short-time Fourier transform

UHC:

Unburned hydrocarbons

HRR:

Heat release rate

RPM:

Rotations per minute

dB:

A-weighting

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Funding

The School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, was in charge of this research work. The researcher Ahmed Mohammed Elbanna is funded by a scholarship (ID I201922010) under the joint Executive Program between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the People’s Republic of China. Also, the Tanta University Research Fund is under the research grant (code: tu: 02–19-01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Ahmed Mohammed Elbanna, Cheng Xiaobei & Yang Can

  2. Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, Egypt

    Ahmed Mohammed Elbanna, Medhat Elkelawy & Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi

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  1. Ahmed Mohammed Elbanna
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  2. Cheng Xiaobei
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  3. Yang Can
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  4. Medhat Elkelawy
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  5. Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi
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Contributions

Cheng Xiaobei, Medhat Elkelawy, Yang Can, and Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi: supervision, visualization, and conceptualization. Ahmed Mohammed Elbanna: methodology; software; writing—original draft preparation; and writing—review. Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi: methodology, software, and validation. All authors: writing—original draft preparation; writing—review; and editing the final manuscript version.

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Correspondence to Ahmed Mohammed Elbanna.

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Highlights

• Engine knocking and intense vibrations are used to evaluate PCCI operation.

• Premixed-charge-compression-ignition injection strategies affect combustion phasing.

• Equivalence ratio stratification potentially reduces nitrogen oxide significantly.

• The controllable operation could be achieved using an efficient closed control system.

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Elbanna, A.M., Xiaobei, C., Can, Y. et al. A comparative study for the effect of different premixed charge ratios with conventional diesel engines on the performance, emissions, and vibrations of the engine block. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 106774–106789 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23049-x

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