Abstract
The iron ore tailings released into the Rio Doce basin after the Fundão dam collapse (Brazil), suppressed a large extent of local vegetation. The use of native species and appropriate fertilization techniques, with less economic and environmental impact, must be considered in the process for the restoration of affected areas by the tailings. For this purpose, six native tree species, pioneer (Anadenanthera colubrina, Bixa orellana, and Peltophorum dubium) and secondary (Cedrela fissilis, Handroanthus impetiginosus, and Handroanthus serratifolius), were selected. We used different conditions of fertilization: (1) inorganic fertilization, (2) inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, (3) combined treatment (fertilizer + inoculum), to evaluate leaf nutrient concentrations, photosynthetic capacity [chlorophyll index, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and gas exchange variables], and oxidative metabolism (H2O2, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes). Inoculation resulted in higher concentrations of foliar nitrogen, especially in pioneer species. In all treatments, the secondary species exhibited iron values considered phytotoxic, but showed reduced photosynthetic capacity only when inoculated. The highest concentrations of MDA were observed in inoculated plants of both successional groups. The antioxidant system proved to be effective in preventing oxidative damage for most of the species. These results showed that the use of inoculum can be considered an ecological alternative to inorganic additives in the area affected by iron ore tailings. Despite presenting different photosynthetic and antioxidant strategies, the evaluated species demonstrated potential for use in tailings revegetation projects.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank to owners of Paracatu Farm for conceding the planting area, in particular Pedro Fonseca de Souza and to Fundação Renova for their help in selection and fencing of the planting area. We thank to Instituto Espinhaço – Biodiversidade, Cultura e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental for their technical support during planting and maintenance of the experimental area and to Dr. Fábio Vieira and MSc Humberto Araújo Almeida for assistance with the planting and sample collect. The authors also thank to Prof. Dr. Maria Catarina Kasuya, Dr. Paulo Prates Junior, and Dr. Marliane de Cássia Soares da Silva for their help to obtain the inoculum and in plant inoculation procedures; to Paulo Antônio Pimentel, Tiago Tarcisio Silva, and Ana Kelly Oliveira for assistance with plant measurements and sample collection and to Gabriel Henrique Assunção for statistical assistance.
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This work was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)—Finance Code 001, and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) through a strategic grant “REDES – Remediation of the Rio Doce Basin: potential of the aquatic and terrestrial biota” (grant number 88881.118082/2016–01). T.R.S. Santos and J.A.S. Santos received a PhD scholarship from CAPES, E.G. Pereira and Q.S. Garcia received a research productivity grant from CNPq.
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Santos, T.R.S.: methodology, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, review & editing. Santos, J.A.S.: data curation, formal analysis, writing—review & editing. Pereira, E.G.: conceptualization, methodology, data curation, writing – review & editing. Garcia, Q.S.: conceptualization, funding acquisition, project administration, supervision, writing – review & editing.
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Santos, T.R.S., Santos, J.A.S., Pereira, E.G. et al. Revegetation of an area impacted by iron ore tailings: evaluating fertilization alternatives in native pioneer and secondary trees. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 3760–3773 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22376-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22376-3