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Spatiotemporal variation and driving forces of NDVI from 1982 to 2015 in the Qinba Mountains, China

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Abstract

The spatiotemporal variation and driving force of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are helpful to ecological environment protection and natural resource management. Using the Sen and Mann–Kendall methods, Hurt index, and the Geodetector, this study investigated the temporal and spatial changes and driving forces of NDVI during 1982–2015. The results showed that (1) From 1982 to 2015, the high vegetation coverage was mainly distributed in the Qinling Mountains and the Daba Mountains, while the low vegetation coverage was in high altitude areas in the west, low altitude in the east, and the Hanjiang River valley. (2) NDVI in the Qinba Mountains increased continuously accounting for 81.1%, with 68% showing slow growth. In the future, only 37.8% of the vegetation will have significant change. The area of vegetation increase will be greater than the area of decrease. (3) NDVI increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of altitude, reaching the maximum value at 1100 m. NDVI showed a trend of fluctuating growth. It reached the maximum value of 0.86 in 2015. (4) Through the Geodetector, the main factors affecting NDVI were natural factors mainly including rainfall, soil type, and digital elevation model (DEM), while human activities, including population density, had little influence on NDVI. Natural environment factors and human activities together had a greater impact on the spatial distribution of NDVI. This study could provide help for the sustainable development of the natural environment in the Qinba Mountains.

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Data availability

The GIMM3g datasets used to support the finding of this study were derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) (https://www.noaa.gov/research). The climate datasets, population density data, GDP data, and land use type were acquired from the Resource and Environment Science and Data Center (http://www.resdc.cn/). SRTM 90 m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) products come from Geospatial Data Cloud (http://www.gscloud.cn/).

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and editors for their valuable comments and suggestions.

Funding

This research was supported by the Integrated Scientific Investigation of the North–South Transitional Zone of China (Grant No. 2017FY100904).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710127, China

    Yaru Zhang, Yi He, Yanlin Li & Liping Jia

  2. Institute of Qinling Mountains, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710127, China

    Yaru Zhang, Yi He, Yanlin Li & Liping Jia

  3. Yellow River Institutes of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, 710127, Shaanxi, China

    Yaru Zhang, Yi He, Yanlin Li & Liping Jia

Authors
  1. Yaru Zhang
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  2. Yi He
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  3. Yanlin Li
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  4. Liping Jia
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Contributions

Conceptualization, H.Y.; methodology, H.Y., Z.-Y.R., L-Y.L, and J-L.P.; writing—original draft preparation, Z.-Y.R.; and writing—review and editing, H.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yi He.

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Zhang, Y., He, Y., Li, Y. et al. Spatiotemporal variation and driving forces of NDVI from 1982 to 2015 in the Qinba Mountains, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 52277–52288 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19502-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19502-6

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