Abstract
Mangroves are distributed in coastal and estuarine regions and are characterized as a sink for terrestrial pollution. It is believed that complex interactions between environmental factors and microbial communities exist in mangrove swamps. However, little is known about environment-microbe interactions. There is a need to clarify some important environmental factors shaping microbial communities and how environmental factors interact with microbial assemblages in mangrove swamps. In the present study, physicochemical and microbial characteristics in four mangrove reserves (named ZZW, Qin, Bei, and GQ) in the North Beibu Gulf were determined. The interactions between environmental factors and microbial assemblages were analyzed with statistical methods in addition to CCA and RDA. Higher concentrations of sulfate (SO42−-S) and Fe but lower concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and NO3−-N were detected in ZZW and Qin. Nutrient elements (NO3−-N, NH4+-N, organic matter (OM), SO42−-S, Fe, and TP) were more important than heavy metals for determining the microbial assemblages, and NO3−-N was the most important factor. NO3−-N, SO42−-S, TP, and Fe formed a significant co-occurrence network in conjunction with some bacterial taxa, most of which were Proteobacteria. Notably, comparatively elevated amounts of sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfatibacillum, Desulfomonile, and Desulfatiglans) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Thioprofundum and Thiohalophilus) were found in ZZW and Qin. The co-occurrence network suggested that some bacteria involved in sulfate reduction and sulfur oxidation drive the transformation of P and N, resulting in the reduction of P and N in mangrove swamps. Through the additional utilization of multivariate regression tree (MRT) and co-occurrence network analysis, our research provides a new perspective for understanding the interactions between environmental factors and microbial communities in mangroves.
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Data availability
The high-throughput sequencing data from this research has been uploaded to GenBank with the BioProject accession number PRJNA686680, and the data will be released in 2024–12-05. The other related datasets are available in the supplementary materials attached together with this submission.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Liulin Lu and Lin Wang for assistance in the sampling. We appreciate the lab assistance provided by Rquan Liao.
Funding
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31560727), Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2018JJA130187, 2020GXNSFDA238015), and the funds of The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation (2021ZA01, 2019ZC01).
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Lu Li: sampling, carried out the experiments, writing—original draft preparation; Chunyan Peng and Zicong Yang: data curation, carried out the experiments; Yu He and Meng Liang: sampling, carried out the experiments; Qinghua Qiu and Hongmin Cao: sampling, writing—reviewing and editing; Jingjing Song, Youlu Su, and Bin Gong: conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft preparation, data analysis, supervision.
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This study was approved by the research ethics committee of the Beibu Gulf University.
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Li, L., Peng, C., Yang, Z. et al. Microbial communities in swamps of four mangrove reserves driven by interactions between physicochemical properties and microbe in the North Beibu Gulf, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 37582–37597 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18134-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18134-6