Abstract
Bisphenol analogues (BPs) including bisphenol a (BPA) have been broadly utilized as industrial feedstocks and unavoidably discharged into water bodies. However, there is little published data on the occurrence, distribution, and environmental risks of other BPs in surface water. In this study, ten BPs besides BPA were analyzed in surface water from the Pearl River, South China. Among these detected BPs, BPA, bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol AF (BPAF), and bisphenol S (BPS) were the most frequently detected compounds. The median concentrations of the measured BPs were ranked in the order of BPA (34.9 ng/L) > BPS (24.8 ng/L) > BPAF (10.1 ng/L) > bisphenol F (BPF) (9.0 ng/L) > bisphenol B (BPB) (7.6 ng/L) > bisphenol C (BPC) (1.2 ng/L). Among them, BPA and BPS were predominant BPs, contributing 68% of the total ten BPs in surface water of the Pearl River. These results demonstrated that BPA and BPS were the most extensively utilized and manufactured BPs in this region. The source analysis of BPs suggested that the BPs may be originated from domestic wastewater, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, and the leaching of microplastic in surface water of the Pearl River. The calculated BP-derived estrogenic activity exhibited low to medium risks in surface water, but their combined estrogenic effects with other endocrine disrupting compounds should not be ignored.
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This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21577040; No. 21107025); Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (No.201904010100; No. 201510010162); special funds for public welfare research and capacity building in Guangdong Province (No. 2015A020215003), Zhongshan Public Water Co. LTD for water micropollutant project (No. ZPW-2020-A-010); and the Guangdong Science and Technology Program (2020B121201003).
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Hao Wang, data analysis and original draft preparation; Zhao Tang, data analysis; Ze-hua Liu, supervisor, funding support, writing review; Feng Zeng, co-supervisor, equipment support; Jun Zhang, sample collection; Zhi Dang, writing review.
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Wang, H., Tang, Z., Liu, Zh. et al. Occurrence, spatial distribution, and main source identification of ten bisphenol analogues in the dry season of the Pearl River, South China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 27352–27365 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17647-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17647-4