Abstract
Large quantities of waste biomass are generated annually worldwide by many industries and are vastly underutilized. However, these wastes contain sugars and other dissolved organic matter and therefore can be exploited to produce microbial biopolymers. In this study, four selected Halomonas strains, namely, Halomonas caseinilytica K1, Halomonas elongata K4, Halomonas smyrnensis S3, and Halomonas halophila S4, were investigated for the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) using low-cost agro-industrial wastes as the sole carbon source: cheese whey, grape pomace, and glycerol. Interestingly, both yield and monosaccharide composition of EPS were affected by the carbon source. Glucose, mannose, galactose, and rhamnose were the predominant monomers, but their relative molar ratio was different. Similarly, the average molecular weight of the synthesized EPS was affected, ranging from 54.5 to 4480 kDa. The highest EPS concentration (446 mg/L) was obtained for H. caseinilytica K1 grown on cheese whey that produced an EPS composed mostly of galactose, rhamnose, glucose, and mannose, with lower contents of galacturonic acid, ribose, and arabinose and with a molecular weight of 54.5 kDa. Henceforth, the ability of Halomonas strains to use cost-effective substrates, especially cheese whey, is a promising approach for the production of EPS with distinct physicochemical properties suitable for various applications.
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Funding
This work was funded by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia. It was also financed by national funds from FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences—UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy—i4HB. Patrícia Concórdio-Reis acknowledges funding from FCT/MCTES, through PhD Grant SFRH/BD/131947/2017.
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IJ contributed in the investigation, methodology, data curation, and writing of the original draft. PC-R and CAVT contributed in the investigation, methodology, and manuscript revising and editing. CS and CG determined the molecular weights of EPS. SA, HA, FF, and MAMR contributed to the conceptualization, supervision resources, and manuscript revising and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Joulak, I., Concórdio-Reis, P., Torres, C.A.V. et al. Sustainable use of agro-industrial wastes as potential feedstocks for exopolysaccharide production by selected Halomonas strains. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 22043–22055 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17207-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17207-w